ㄜ

See also: ㄛ, 𠀀, 丂, ㄮ, ㆦ, ㆧ, and ㆱ

ㄜ U+311C, ㄜ BOPOMOFO LETTER E ← ㄛ [U+311B] Bopomofo ㄝ → [U+311D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Letter

ㄜ

1. type: monophthong rhyme
2. general transliteration: e
3. keyboard key: K

Descendants

• ㄛ, ㄮ, ㆦ, ㆧ, ㆱ,

Chinese

Glyph origin

Old variant of ㄜ (around 1932)

Old variant of ㄜ (around 1949)

In the late twenties or early thirties of the 20th century, it appeared as a simplification of ㄮ (ē), writing the dot and the second stoke of the bottom part ㄛ (ō) with one stroke. ㄮ (ē) was itself derived from ㄛ (ō) in 1920, when a new allophone appeared, writing a dot to differentiate between them. The letter ㄛ (ō) is itself derived from 𠀀, inhalation, the reverse of 丂 (kǎo) and an ancient form of 呵 (Mandarin: hē).

Etymology

Derived from ㄛ (ō)(Mandarin: ō), which was derived from 𠀀, inhalation, the reverse of 丂 (kǎo) and an ancient form of 呵 (Mandarin: hē), because Mandarin: ē is its allophone in Standard Chinese.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ē (e¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄜ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ē
    • Zhuyin: ㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: e
    • Wade–Giles: o¹
    • Yale: ē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: e
    • Palladius: э (e)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵⁵/

(general) Phoneme:

Audio (Pinyin); “e” /ɤ/:

(file)

alt. forms: ㄮ (ē), ㄛ (ō) obsolete

(Standard Chinese when pronounced with the neutral tone) Phoneme: IPA^(key): /ə/ (Pinyin: e)

(when pronounced alone) Phoneme:

Audio (Pinyin); “e” /ˀɤ/:

(file)

(some varieties, notably Hakka and Wenzhounese) Phoneme: IPA^(key): /ə/ (Pinyin: e)

Letter

ㄜ

1. 24th letter of the Zhuyin alphabet
2. 36th letter of the extended Zhuyin alphabet

References

• 全國主要方言區方音對照表, Chinese Character Reform Commission, Beijing: ZhonghuaBook Company, 1954
• Unicode Bopomofo block description: https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U3100.pdf

Northern Qiandong Miao

Pronunciation

• Phoneme: IPA^(key): /ə/

Letter

ㄜ (eh) (Hutton)

1. 33rd letter of the Hmu Zhuyin alphabet

References

• Joakim Enwall, A Myth Become Reality Vol.1 (Stockholm, 1994) page 198