くたばる
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with くたくた (kutakuta). The くた (kuta) in くたばる is cognate with that in 降つ (kutatsu),[1] as well as with 腐す (kutasu)[1][2] and its intransitive counterpart くちる (kuchiru).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]くたばる • (kutabaru) intransitive godan (stem くたばり (kutabari), past くたばった (kutabatta))
- to wear oneself out; to become exhausted
- Synonym: 疲れる (tsukareru)
- (vulgar, usually imperative) to die, to drop dead
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:死ぬ
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "くたばる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | くたばら | kutabara | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | くたばり | kutabari | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | くたばる | kutabaru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | くたばる | kutabaru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | くたばれ | kutabare | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | くたばれ | kutabare | |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | くたばられる | kutabarareru | |
Causative | くたばらせる くたばらす |
kutabaraseru kutabarasu | |
Potential | くたばれる | kutabareru | |
Volitional | くたばろう | kutabarō | |
Negative | くたばらない | kutabaranai | |
Negative continuative | くたばらず | kutabarazu | |
Formal | くたばります | kutabarimasu | |
Perfective | くたばった | kutabatta | |
Conjunctive | くたばって | kutabatte | |
Hypothetical conditional | くたばれば | kutabareba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | くたばら | kutabara | |
Continuative (連用形) | くたばり | kutabari | |
Terminal (終止形) | くたばる | kutabaru | |
Attributive (連体形) | くたばる | kutabaru | |
Realis (已然形) | くたばれ | kutabare | |
Imperative (命令形) | くたばれ | kutabare | |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | くたばらず | kutabarazu | |
Contrasting conjunction | くたばれど | kutabaredo | |
Causal conjunction | くたばれば | kutabareba | |
Conditional conjunction | くたばらば | kutabaraba | |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | くたばりき | kutabariki | |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | くたばりけり | kutabarikeri | |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | くたばりつ | kutabaritu | |
Perfect tense (natural event) | くたばりぬ | kutabarinu | |
Perfect-continuative tense | くたばれり くたばりたり |
kutabareri kutabaritari | |
Volitional | くたばらむ | kutabaramu |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “くたばる”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN