ⲧⲱϩⲙ

Coptic

Alternative forms

• ⲑⲱϩⲉⲙ (thōhem) — Bohairic
• ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ (tōhem) — Fayyumic
• ⲧⲱϩⲙⲉ (tōhme) — Akhmimic, Lycopolitan

Etymology

From Egyptian thm (“to knock on door”)

Verb

ⲧⲱϩⲙ • (tōhm) (nominal state ⲧⲉϩⲙ- or ⲧⲁϩⲙ-, pronominal state ⲧⲁϩⲙ⸗, stative ⲧⲁϩⲙ)

1. (Sahidic, intransitive) to knock (on door); to summon, invite
2. (Sahidic, transitive) to summon

Conjugation

Conjugation of ⲧⲱϩⲙ (Sahidic dialect)

infinitive	affirmative	ⲧⲱϩⲙ tōhm	imperative	affirmative	ⲧⲱϩⲙ tōhm
	negative	ⲧⲙ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ tm̄tōhm		negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pr̄tōhm

			singular					plural			nominal
			1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
				masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
present	basic		ϯⲧⲱϩⲙ titōhm	ⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ ktōhm	ⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ tetōhm	ϥⲧⲱϩⲙ ftōhm	ⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ stōhm	ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ tn̄tōhm	ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ tetn̄tōhm	ⲥⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ setōhm	ⲧⲱϩⲙ tōhm
	circumstantial, focalising		ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ eïtōhm	ⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ ektōhm	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ eretōhm	ⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ eftōhm	ⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ estōhm	ⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ entōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etetn̄tōhm	ⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ eutōhm	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ ere- tōhm
	relative		ⲉϯⲧⲱϩⲙ etitōhm	ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etk̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ etetōhm, eteretōhm	ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etf̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ ets̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etn̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etetn̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ etoutōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ etere- tōhm
	preterite		ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ neïtōhm	ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ nektōhm	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ neretōhm	ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ neftōhm	ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ nestōhm	ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ nentōhm	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ netetn̄tōhm	ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ neutōhm	ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ nere- tōhm
future	basic		ϯⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ tinatōhm	ⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ knatōhm	ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ tenatōhm	ϥⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ fnatōhm	ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ snatōhm	ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ tn̄natōhm	ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ tetnatōhm	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ senatōhm	ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ natōhm
	circumstantial, focalising		ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ eïnatōhm	ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ eknatōhm	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ erenatōhm	ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ efnatōhm	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ esnatōhm	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ ennatōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etetnatōhm	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ eunatōhm	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ ere- natōhm
	relative		ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etinatōhm	ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etk̄natōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etenatōhm, eterenatōhm	ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etf̄natōhm	ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ ets̄natōhm	ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etn̄natōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etetnatōhm	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etounatōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etere- natōhm
	preterite		ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ neïnatōhm	ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ neknatōhm	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ nerenatōhm	ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ nefnatōhm	ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ nesnatōhm	ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ nennatōhm	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ netetnatōhm	ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ neunatōhm	ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ nere- natōhm
negated with			(ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an
non-durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
past	basic	affirmative	ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ aïtōhm	ⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ aktōhm	ⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲁⲣⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ atōhm, artōhm, aretōhm	ⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ aftōhm	ⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ astōhm	ⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ antōhm	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ atetn̄tōhm	ⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ autōhm	ⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ a- tōhm
		negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pitōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pk̄tōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄petōhm, m̄pr̄tōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pf̄tōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄ps̄tōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pn̄tōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄petn̄tōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄poutōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pe- tōhm
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ eaïtōhm	ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ eaktōhm	ⲉⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲁⲣⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ eatōhm, eartōhm, earetōhm	ⲉⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ eaftōhm	ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ eastōhm	ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ eantōhm	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ eatetn̄tōhm	ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ eautōhm	ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ ea- tōhm
		negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄pitōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄pk̄tōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄petōhm, em̄pr̄tōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄pf̄tōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄ps̄tōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄pn̄tōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄petn̄tōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄poutōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄pe- tōhm
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ entaïtōhm, n̄taïtōhm	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ entaktōhm, n̄taktōhm	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ entatōhm, n̄tatōhm, entartōhm, n̄tartōhm, entaretōhm, n̄taretōhm	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ entaftōhm, n̄taftōhm	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ entastōhm, n̄tastōhm	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ entantōhm, n̄tantōhm	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ entatetn̄tōhm, n̄tatetn̄tōhm	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ entautōhm, n̄tautōhm	ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ enta- tōhm, n̄ta- tōhm
		negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄pitōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄pk̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄petōhm, etem̄pr̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄pf̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄ps̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄pn̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄petn̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄poutōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄pe- tōhm
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ neaïtōhm	ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ neaktōhm	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ neatōhm, neartōhm, nearetōhm	ⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ neaftōhm	ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ neastōhm	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ neantōhm	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ neatetn̄tōhm	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ neautōhm	ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ nea- tōhm
		negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄pitōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄pk̄tōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄petōhm, nem̄pr̄tōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄pf̄tōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄ps̄tōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄pn̄tōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄petn̄tōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄poutōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄pe- tōhm
	focalising	affirmative	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄taïtōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄taktōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tatōhm, n̄tartōhm, n̄taretōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄taftōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tastōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tantōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tatetn̄tōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tautōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄ta- tōhm
expectative	basic	negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄patitōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄patk̄tōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄patetōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄patf̄tōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pats̄tōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄patn̄tōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄patetn̄tōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄patoutōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pate- tōhm
	circumstantial	negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄patitōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄patk̄tōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄patetōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄patf̄tōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄pats̄tōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄patn̄tōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄patetn̄tōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄patoutōhm	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄pate- tōhm
	relative	negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄patitōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄patk̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄patetōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄patf̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄pats̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄patn̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄patetn̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄patoutōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄pate- tōhm
	preterite	negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄patitōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄patk̄tōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄patetōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄patf̄tōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄pats̄tōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄patn̄tōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄patetn̄tōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄patoutōhm	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄pate- tōhm
aorist	basic	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ šaïtōhm	ϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ šaktōhm	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ šaretōhm	ϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ šaftōhm	ϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ šastōhm	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ šantōhm	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ šatetn̄tōhm	ϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ šautōhm	ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ šare- tōhm
		negative	ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ meïtōhm	ⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ mektōhm	ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ meretōhm	ⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ meftōhm	ⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ mestōhm	ⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ mentōhm	ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ metetn̄tōhm	ⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ meutōhm	ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ mere- tōhm
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ ešaïtōhm	ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ ešaktōhm	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ ešaretōhm	ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ ešaftōhm	ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ ešastōhm	ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ ešantōhm	ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ ešatetn̄tōhm	ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ ešautōhm	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ ešare- tōhm
		negative	ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ emeïtōhm	ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ emektōhm	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ emeretōhm	ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ emeftōhm	ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ emestōhm	ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ ementōhm	ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ emetetn̄tōhm	ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ emeutōhm	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ emere- tōhm
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ etešaïtōhm, ešaïtōhm	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ etešaktōhm, ešaktōhm	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ etešaretōhm, ešaretōhm	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ etešaftōhm, ešaftōhm	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ etešastōhm, ešastōhm	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ etešantōhm, ešantōhm	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etešatetn̄tōhm, ešatetn̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ etešautōhm, ešautōhm	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ etešare- tōhm, ešare- tōhm
		negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ etemeïtōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ etemektōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ etemeretōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ etemeftōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ etemestōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ etementōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etemetetn̄tōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ etemeutōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ etemere- tōhm
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ nešaïtōhm	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ nešaktōhm	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ nešaretōhm	ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ nešaftōhm	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ nešastōhm	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ nešantōhm	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nešatetn̄tōhm	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ nešautōhm	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ nešare- tōhm
		negative	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ nemeïtōhm	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ nemektōhm	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ nemeretōhm	ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ nemeftōhm	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ nemestōhm	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ nementōhm	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nemetetn̄tōhm	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ nemeutōhm	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ nemere- tōhm
	focalising	affirmative	ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ emeïtōhm	ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ emektōhm	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ emeretōhm	ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ emeftōhm	ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ emestōhm	ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ ementōhm	ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ emetetn̄tōhm	ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ emeutōhm	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ emere- tōhm
optative	basic	affirmative	ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ eïetōhm	ⲉⲕⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ eketōhm	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ eretōhm	ⲉϥⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ efetōhm	ⲉⲥⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ esetōhm	ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ enetōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ etetnetōhm	ⲉⲩⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ euetōhm	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ ere- tōhm
		negative	ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄natōhm	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄nektōhm	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄netōhm	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄neftōhm	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄nestōhm	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄nentōhm	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄netn̄tōhm	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄neutōhm	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄ne- tōhm
jussive	basic	affirmative	ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱϩⲙ maritōhm	(use imperative)		ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ mareftōhm	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ marestōhm	ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ marn̄tōhm	(use imperative)	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ maroutōhm	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ mare- tōhm
		negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pr̄tratōhm			ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pr̄treftōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pr̄trestōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pr̄trentōhm		ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pr̄treutōhm	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pr̄tre- tōhm
subordinate clause
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
conjunctive			ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲧⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tatōhm, tatōhm	ⲛ̄ⲅⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄gtōhm, n̄ktōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tetōhm	ⲛ̄ϥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄ftōhm	ⲛ̄ⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄stōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tn̄tōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tetn̄tōhm	ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄setōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄te- tōhm
future conjunctive			ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱϩⲙ taritōhm	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ tarektōhm	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ taretōhm	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ tareftōhm	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ tarestōhm	ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ tarn̄tōhm	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ taretn̄tōhm	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ taroutōhm	ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ tare- tōhm
precursive			ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄teritōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄terektōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄teretōhm, n̄terertōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tereftōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄terestōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tern̄tōhm, n̄terentōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄teretn̄tōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄teroutōhm	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tere- tōhm
limitative			ϣⲁⲛϯⲧⲱϩⲙ šantitōhm	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ šantk̄tōhm	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ šantetōhm	ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ šantf̄tōhm	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ šants̄tōhm	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ šantn̄tōhm	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ šantetn̄tōhm	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ šantoutōhm	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ šante- tōhm
conditional	long		ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ eïšantōhm	ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ ekšantōhm	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ eršantōhm, erešantōhm	ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ efšantōhm	ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ esšantōhm	ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ enšantōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ etetn̄šantōhm	ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ eušantōhm	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ eršan- tōhm
	short		ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ eïtōhm	ⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ ektōhm	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ eretōhm	ⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ eftōhm	ⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ estōhm	ⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ entōhm	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etetn̄tōhm	ⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ eutōhm	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ ere- tōhm
negated with			ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄-

Noun

ⲧⲱϩⲙ • (tōhm) m

1. (Sahidic) calling, convocation

References

• Marcion Coptic dictionary
• TLA lemma no. C4798 (ⲧⲱϩⲙ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA), [1]
• TLA lemma no. C4799 (ⲧⲱϩⲙ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA), [2]