ὑγρός

See also: υγρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *ugrós, from Proto-Indo-European *wegʷ- (“wet, moist”). Cognate with Latin ūvidus.^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hy.ɡrós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)yˈɡros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /yˈɣros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /yˈɣros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈɣros/

Adjective

ὑγρός • (hugrós) m (feminine ὑγρᾱ́, neuter ὑγρόν); first/second declension

wet, moist
Antonym: ξηρός (xērós)
fluid

Inflection

First and second declension of ὑγρός; ὑγρᾱ́; ὑγρόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὑγρός hugrós	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρόν hugrón	ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγροί hugroí	ὑγραί hugraí	ὑγρᾰ́ hugrá
Genitive	ὑγροῦ hugroû	ὑγρᾶς hugrâs	ὑγροῦ hugroû	ὑγροῖν hugroîn	ὑγραῖν hugraîn	ὑγροῖν hugroîn	ὑγρῶν hugrôn	ὑγρῶν hugrôn	ὑγρῶν hugrôn
Dative	ὑγρῷ hugrôi	ὑγρᾷ hugrâi	ὑγρῷ hugrôi	ὑγροῖν hugroîn	ὑγραῖν hugraîn	ὑγροῖν hugroîn	ὑγροῖς hugroîs	ὑγραῖς hugraîs	ὑγροῖς hugroîs
Accusative	ὑγρόν hugrón	ὑγρᾱ́ν hugrā́n	ὑγρόν hugrón	ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγρούς hugroús	ὑγρᾱ́ς hugrā́s	ὑγρᾰ́ hugrá
Vocative	ὑγρέ hugré	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρόν hugrón	ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγροί hugroí	ὑγραί hugraí	ὑγρᾰ́ hugrá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ὑγρῶς hugrôs			ὑγρότερος hugróteros			ὑγρότᾰτος hugrótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of ὑγρός; ὑγρή; ὑγρόν (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ὑγρός hugrós	ὑγρή hugrḗ	ὑγρόν hugrón	ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγροί hugroí	ὑγραί hugraí	ὑγρᾰ́ hugrá
Genitive	ὑγροῦ / ὑγροῖο / ὑγρόο hugroû / hugroîo / hugróo	ὑγρῆς hugrês	ὑγροῦ / ὑγροῖο / ὑγρόο hugroû / hugroîo / hugróo	ὑγροῖῐν hugroîin	ὑγραῖν / ὑγραῖῐν / ὑγρῇῐν hugraî(i)n / hugrêiin	ὑγροῖῐν hugroîin	ὑγρῶν hugrôn	ὑγρᾱ́ων / ὑγρέ͜ων / ὑγρῶν hugrā́ōn / hugré͜ōn / hugrôn	ὑγρῶν hugrôn
Dative	ὑγρῷ hugrôi	ὑγρῇ hugrêi	ὑγρῷ hugrôi	ὑγροῖῐν hugroîin	ὑγραῖν / ὑγραῖῐν / ὑγρῇῐν hugraî(i)n / hugrêiin	ὑγροῖῐν hugroîin	ὑγροῖσῐ / ὑγροῖσῐν / ὑγροῖς hugroîsi(n) / hugroîs	ὑγρῇσῐ / ὑγρῇσῐν / ὑγρῇς / ὑγραῖς hugrêisi(n) / hugrêis / hugraîs	ὑγροῖσῐ / ὑγροῖσῐν / ὑγροῖς hugroîsi(n) / hugroîs
Accusative	ὑγρόν hugrón	ὑγρήν hugrḗn	ὑγρόν hugrón	ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγρούς hugroús	ὑγρᾱ́ς hugrā́s	ὑγρᾰ́ hugrá
Vocative	ὑγρέ hugré	ὑγρή hugrḗ	ὑγρόν hugrón	ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγρᾱ́ hugrā́	ὑγρώ hugrṓ	ὑγροί hugroí	ὑγραί hugraí	ὑγρᾰ́ hugrá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ὑγρῶς hugrôs			ὑγρότερος hugróteros			ὑγρότᾰτος hugrótatos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

ὑγρόφθογγος (hugróphthongos)

Descendants

→ English: hygro-
→ French: hygro-
Greek: υγρός (ygrós)
→ Italian: igro-
→ Portuguese: higro-

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὑγρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1525-6

“ὑγρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ὑγρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ὑγρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ὑγρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ὑγρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ὑγρός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G5200 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- clammy idem, page 134.
- crumbling idem, page 187.
- damp idem, page 194.
- elastic idem, page 265.
- faint idem, page 302.
- feeble idem, page 313.
- flexible idem, page 327.
- fluid idem, page 330.
- friable idem, page 345.
- languid idem, page 475.
- limp idem, page 492.
- liquid idem, page 494.
- lithe idem, page 495.
- moist idem, page 538.
- nerveless idem, page 556.
- pliable idem, page 621.
- pliant idem, page 621.
- resilient idem, page 702.
- soft idem, page 791.
- supple idem, page 840.
- unresisting idem, page 929.
- watery idem, page 967.
- weak idem, page 969.
- wet idem, page 974.
- yielding idem, page 996.
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1118
“ὑγρός”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὑγρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1525-6

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