ἰώδης

See also: ιώδης

Ancient Greek

Etymology 1

ῐ̓́ον (ĭ́on, “violet, Viola odorata”) +‎ -ώδης (-ṓdēs, “smelling of; full of, like”)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /i.ɔ̌ː.dɛːs/ → /iˈo.ðis/ → /iˈo.ðis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /i.ɔ̌ː.dɛːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /iˈo.de̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /iˈo.ðis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iˈo.ðis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈo.ðis/

Adjective

ῐ̓ώδης • (ĭṓdēs) m or f (neuter ῐ̓ῶδες); third declension

1. violet-coloured, violet

   Synonym: ῐ̓οειδής (ĭoeidḗs)

   • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Prognostics 40
2. smelling of violets, violet-scented
   • Diosc. 5.171

Declension

Third declension of ῐ̓ώδης; ῐ̓ῶδες (contracted, Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ῐ̓ώδης ĭṓdēs	ῐ̓ῶδες ĭôdes		ῐ̓ώδει ĭṓdei	ῐ̓ώδει ĭṓdei		ῐ̓ώδεις ĭṓdeis	ῐ̓ώδη ĭṓdē
Genitive		ῐ̓ώδους ĭṓdous	ῐ̓ώδους ĭṓdous		ῐ̓ώδοιν ĭṓdoin	ῐ̓ώδοιν ĭṓdoin		ῐ̓ώδων ĭṓdōn	ῐ̓ώδων ĭṓdōn
Dative		ῐ̓ώδει ĭṓdei	ῐ̓ώδει ĭṓdei		ῐ̓ώδοιν ĭṓdoin	ῐ̓ώδοιν ĭṓdoin		ῐ̓ώδεσῐ / ῐ̓ώδεσῐν ĭṓdesĭ(n)	ῐ̓ώδεσῐ / ῐ̓ώδεσῐν ĭṓdesĭ(n)
Accusative		ῐ̓ώδη ĭṓdē	ῐ̓ῶδες ĭôdes		ῐ̓ώδει ĭṓdei	ῐ̓ώδει ĭṓdei		ῐ̓ώδεις ĭṓdeis	ῐ̓ώδη ĭṓdē
Vocative		ῐ̓ῶδες ĭôdes	ῐ̓ῶδες ĭôdes		ῐ̓ώδει ĭṓdei	ῐ̓ώδει ĭṓdei		ῐ̓ώδεις ĭṓdeis	ῐ̓ώδη ĭṓdē
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ῐ̓ώδως ĭṓdōs			ῐ̓ωδέστερος ĭōdésteros			ῐ̓ωδέστᾰτος ĭōdéstătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ῐ̓ώδης; ῐ̓ῶδες (uncontracted, Epic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ῐ̓ώδης ĭṓdēs	ῐ̓ῶδες ĭôdes		ῐ̓ώδει / ῐ̓ώδεε ĭṓdei / ĭṓdee	ῐ̓ώδει / ῐ̓ώδεε ĭṓdei / ĭṓdee		ῐ̓ώδεις / ῐ̓ώδεες ĭṓdeis / ĭṓdees	ῐ̓ώδεᾰ ĭṓdeă
Genitive		ῐ̓ώδεος / ῐ̓ώδευς ĭṓdeos / ĭṓdeus	ῐ̓ώδεος / ῐ̓ώδευς ĭṓdeos / ĭṓdeus		ῐ̓ώδοιν ĭṓdoin	ῐ̓ώδοιν ĭṓdoin		ῐ̓ωδέων ĭōdéōn	ῐ̓ωδέων ĭōdéōn
Dative		ῐ̓ώδει / ῐ̓ώδεῐ̈ ĭṓdei / ĭṓdeĭ̈	ῐ̓ώδει / ῐ̓ώδεῐ̈ ĭṓdei / ĭṓdeĭ̈		ῐ̓ώδοιν ĭṓdoin	ῐ̓ώδοιν ĭṓdoin		ῐ̓ώδεσῐ / ῐ̓ώδεσῐν ĭṓdesĭ(n)	ῐ̓ώδεσῐ / ῐ̓ώδεσῐν ĭṓdesĭ(n)
Accusative		ῐ̓ώδεᾰ ĭṓdeă	ῐ̓ῶδες ĭôdes		ῐ̓ώδει / ῐ̓ώδεε ĭṓdei / ĭṓdee	ῐ̓ώδει / ῐ̓ώδεε ĭṓdei / ĭṓdee		ῐ̓ώδεᾰς ĭṓdeăs	ῐ̓ώδεᾰ ĭṓdeă
Vocative		ῐ̓ῶδες ĭôdes	ῐ̓ῶδες ĭôdes		ῐ̓ώδει / ῐ̓ώδεε ĭṓdei / ĭṓdee	ῐ̓ώδει / ῐ̓ώδεε ĭṓdei / ĭṓdee		ῐ̓ώδεις / ῐ̓ώδεες ĭṓdeis / ĭṓdees	ῐ̓ώδεᾰ ĭṓdeă
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ῐ̓ωδέως ĭōdéōs			ῐ̓ωδέστερος ĭōdésteros			ῐ̓ωδέστᾰτος ĭōdéstătos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• → Danish: iod
• → French: iode
• Greek: ιώδης (iódis)

Etymology 2

ῑ̓ός (īós, “rust, verdigris; poison, venom”) +‎ -ώδης (-ṓdēs, “full of, like”)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /iː.ɔ̌ː.dɛːs/ → /iˈo.ðis/ → /iˈo.ðis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /iː.ɔ̌ː.dɛːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /iˈo.de̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /iˈo.ðis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /iˈo.ðis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈo.ðis/

Adjective

ῑ̓ώδης • (īṓdēs) m or f (neuter ῑ̓ῶδες); third declension

1. like verdigris, green
   • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Prognostics 11
   • 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 5.79
   • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 10.871
   • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 18.107, (of bile)
   1. (figuratively) “green with envy”, envious
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.565c:

        κακόνοια…τουτὶ τὸ ἰῶδες…ἀφίησιν

        kakónoia…toutì tò iôdes…aphíēsin

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. rust-coloured, ferruginous
   • 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On Stones 37
   • 310 BCE – 240 BCE, Callimachus, Hist. 4
   • 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 5.152
   • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, Τοῦ μεγάλου Ἱπποκράτους πάντων τῶν ἰατρῶν κορυφαίου τὰ εὑρισκόμενα. Magni Hippocratis medicorum omnium facile principis, opera omnia quæ extant. 68a
   • Diosc. 5.92
3. poisonous, venomous

   Synonym: ῑ̓οειδής (īoeidḗs)

   • 250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 2.42a:

     ὕδωρ

     húdōr

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 11.327
   • Philostr.Jun., Im. 5, (of serpents):

     ὀδόντες

     odóntes

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   1. (figuratively, of persons) virulent
      • 90 CE – 168 CE, Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos 158
4. (ὄδ-ωδα) acrid
   • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, On Ancient Medicine 19:

     ὀξύτητες

     oxútētes

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 200 CE – 400 CE, Philumenus, On Poisonous Animals and Their Remedies 36.3:

     ἄσθμα

     ásthma

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates of Kos, V. med. 37

Declension

Third declension of ῑ̓ώδης; ῑ̓ῶδες (contracted, Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ῑ̓ώδης īṓdēs	ῑ̓ῶδες īôdes		ῑ̓ώδει īṓdei	ῑ̓ώδει īṓdei		ῑ̓ώδεις īṓdeis	ῑ̓ώδη īṓdē
Genitive		ῑ̓ώδους īṓdous	ῑ̓ώδους īṓdous		ῑ̓ώδοιν īṓdoin	ῑ̓ώδοιν īṓdoin		ῑ̓ώδων īṓdōn	ῑ̓ώδων īṓdōn
Dative		ῑ̓ώδει īṓdei	ῑ̓ώδει īṓdei		ῑ̓ώδοιν īṓdoin	ῑ̓ώδοιν īṓdoin		ῑ̓ώδεσῐ / ῑ̓ώδεσῐν īṓdesĭ(n)	ῑ̓ώδεσῐ / ῑ̓ώδεσῐν īṓdesĭ(n)
Accusative		ῑ̓ώδη īṓdē	ῑ̓ῶδες īôdes		ῑ̓ώδει īṓdei	ῑ̓ώδει īṓdei		ῑ̓ώδεις īṓdeis	ῑ̓ώδη īṓdē
Vocative		ῑ̓ῶδες īôdes	ῑ̓ῶδες īôdes		ῑ̓ώδει īṓdei	ῑ̓ώδει īṓdei		ῑ̓ώδεις īṓdeis	ῑ̓ώδη īṓdē
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ῑ̓ώδως īṓdōs			ῑ̓ωδέστερος īōdésteros			ῑ̓ωδέστᾰτος īōdéstătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ῑ̓ώδης; ῑ̓ῶδες (uncontracted, Epic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ῑ̓ώδης īṓdēs	ῑ̓ῶδες īôdes		ῑ̓ώδει / ῑ̓ώδεε īṓdei / īṓdee	ῑ̓ώδει / ῑ̓ώδεε īṓdei / īṓdee		ῑ̓ώδεις / ῑ̓ώδεες īṓdeis / īṓdees	ῑ̓ώδεᾰ īṓdeă
Genitive		ῑ̓ώδεος / ῑ̓ώδευς īṓdeos / īṓdeus	ῑ̓ώδεος / ῑ̓ώδευς īṓdeos / īṓdeus		ῑ̓ώδοιν īṓdoin	ῑ̓ώδοιν īṓdoin		ῑ̓ωδέων īōdéōn	ῑ̓ωδέων īōdéōn
Dative		ῑ̓ώδει / ῑ̓ώδεῐ̈ īṓdei / īṓdeĭ̈	ῑ̓ώδει / ῑ̓ώδεῐ̈ īṓdei / īṓdeĭ̈		ῑ̓ώδοιν īṓdoin	ῑ̓ώδοιν īṓdoin		ῑ̓ώδεσῐ / ῑ̓ώδεσῐν īṓdesĭ(n)	ῑ̓ώδεσῐ / ῑ̓ώδεσῐν īṓdesĭ(n)
Accusative		ῑ̓ώδεᾰ īṓdeă	ῑ̓ῶδες īôdes		ῑ̓ώδει / ῑ̓ώδεε īṓdei / īṓdee	ῑ̓ώδει / ῑ̓ώδεε īṓdei / īṓdee		ῑ̓ώδεᾰς īṓdeăs	ῑ̓ώδεᾰ īṓdeă
Vocative		ῑ̓ῶδες īôdes	ῑ̓ῶδες īôdes		ῑ̓ώδει / ῑ̓ώδεε īṓdei / īṓdee	ῑ̓ώδει / ῑ̓ώδεε īṓdei / īṓdee		ῑ̓ώδεις / ῑ̓ώδεες īṓdeis / īṓdees	ῑ̓ώδεᾰ īṓdeă
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ῑ̓ωδέως īōdéōs			ῑ̓ωδέστερος īōdésteros			ῑ̓ωδέστᾰτος īōdéstătos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• Greek: ιώδης (iódis)

Further reading

• “ἰώδης”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ἰώδης in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette