ἤπιος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Van Beek, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂pyos (“friendly”). Cognate with Sanskrit आपि (āpí, “ally, friend, confederate”), आप्य (ā́pya, “kind, friendly”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɛ̌ː.pi.os/ → /ˈi.pi.os/ → /ˈi.pi.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɛ̌ː.pi.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe̝.pi.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.pi.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.pi.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.pi.os/

Adjective

ἤπῐος • (ḗpĭos) m (feminine ἠπῐ́ᾱ, neuter ἤπῐον); first/second declension

1. gentle, kind (of persons, of words, of feelings)
2. mild, less intense (of temperature)
3. soothing, assuaging, appeasing

Declension

First and second declension of ἤπῐος; ἠπῐ́ᾱ; ἤπῐον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἤπῐος ḗpĭos	ἠπῐ́ᾱ ēpĭ́ā	ἤπῐον ḗpĭon		ἠπῐ́ω ēpĭ́ō	ἠπῐ́ᾱ ēpĭ́ā	ἠπῐ́ω ēpĭ́ō		ἤπῐοι ḗpĭoi	ἤπῐαι ḗpĭai	ἤπῐᾰ ḗpĭă
Genitive		ἠπῐ́ου ēpĭ́ou	ἠπῐ́ᾱς ēpĭ́ās	ἠπῐ́ου ēpĭ́ou		ἠπῐ́οιν ēpĭ́oin	ἠπῐ́αιν ēpĭ́ain	ἠπῐ́οιν ēpĭ́oin		ἠπῐ́ων ēpĭ́ōn	ἠπῐ́ων ēpĭ́ōn	ἠπῐ́ων ēpĭ́ōn
Dative		ἠπῐ́ῳ ēpĭ́ōi	ἠπῐ́ᾳ ēpĭ́āi	ἠπῐ́ῳ ēpĭ́ōi		ἠπῐ́οιν ēpĭ́oin	ἠπῐ́αιν ēpĭ́ain	ἠπῐ́οιν ēpĭ́oin		ἠπῐ́οις ēpĭ́ois	ἠπῐ́αις ēpĭ́ais	ἠπῐ́οις ēpĭ́ois
Accusative		ἤπῐον ḗpĭon	ἠπῐ́ᾱν ēpĭ́ān	ἤπῐον ḗpĭon		ἠπῐ́ω ēpĭ́ō	ἠπῐ́ᾱ ēpĭ́ā	ἠπῐ́ω ēpĭ́ō		ἠπῐ́ους ēpĭ́ous	ἠπῐ́ᾱς ēpĭ́ās	ἤπῐᾰ ḗpĭă
Vocative		ἤπῐε ḗpĭe	ἠπῐ́ᾱ ēpĭ́ā	ἤπῐον ḗpĭon		ἠπῐ́ω ēpĭ́ō	ἠπῐ́ᾱ ēpĭ́ā	ἠπῐ́ω ēpĭ́ō		ἤπῐοι ḗpĭoi	ἤπῐαι ḗpĭai	ἤπῐᾰ ḗpĭă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἠπῐ́ως ēpĭ́ōs				ἠπῐώτερος ēpĭṓteros				ἠπῐώτᾰτος ēpĭṓtătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἠπιαίνω (ēpiaínō)
• Ἠπιόνη (Ēpiónē)
• ἠπιότης (ēpiótēs)
• ἠπιόφρων (ēpióphrōn)
• ἠπιόχειρ (ēpiókheir)

Descendants

• Greek: ήπιος (ípios)

Further reading

• “ἤπιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἤπιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἤπιος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἤπιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἤπιος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN