ἐπίσκυρος

Ancient Greek

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Episkyros

Etymology

Unknown. Possibly related to σκύρος (skúros, “chippings of stone”). Another name for the game was apparently ἐπίκοινος (epíkoinos), from ἐπι- (epi-, “on”) +‎ κοινός (koinós, “common”). The game, or a similar game known as φαινίνδα (phainínda), was later adopted by the Romans, who renamed and transformed it into harpastum, the latinisation of the Ancient Greek ἁρπαστόν (harpastón) (neuter of ἁρπαστός (harpastós)), meaning "snatched away", from the verb ἁρπάζω (harpázō, “seize, filch, take”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.pís.kyː.ros/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /eˈpis.ky.ros/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /eˈpis.cy.ros/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /eˈpis.cy.ros/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /eˈpis.ci.ros/

Noun

ἐπῐ́σκῡρος • (epĭ́skūros) m (genitive ἐπῐ́σκῡρου); second declension

episkyros (an Ancient Greek ball game in which players on two teams attempted to throw the ball over the heads of the other team)
Synonym: ἐπίκοινος (epíkoinos)

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ ἐπῐ́σκῡρος; τοῦ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ἐπῐ́σκῡρος ho epĭ́skūros	τὼ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω tṑ epĭskū́rō	οἱ ἐπῐ́σκῡροι hoi epĭ́skūroi
Genitive	τοῦ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρου toû epĭskū́rou	τοῖν ἐπῐσκῡ́ροιν toîn epĭskū́roin	τῶν ἐπῐσκῡ́ρων tôn epĭskū́rōn
Dative	τῷ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρῳ tôi epĭskū́rōi	τοῖν ἐπῐσκῡ́ροιν toîn epĭskū́roin	τοῖς ἐπῐσκῡ́ροις toîs epĭskū́rois
Accusative	τὸν ἐπῐ́σκῡρον tòn epĭ́skūron	τὼ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω tṑ epĭskū́rō	τοὺς ἐπῐσκῡ́ρους toùs epĭskū́rous
Vocative	ἐπῐ́σκῡρε epĭ́skūre	ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω epĭskū́rō	ἐπῐ́σκῡροι epĭ́skūroi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ἐπῐ́σκῡρος; ἐπῐσκῡ́ρου (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἐπῐ́σκῡρος epĭ́skūros	ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω epĭskū́rō	ἐπῐ́σκῡροι epĭ́skūroi
Genitive	ἐπῐσκῡ́ρου / ἐπῐσκῡροῖο / ἐπῐσκῡ́ροιο / ἐπῐσκῡρόο / ἐπῐσκῡ́ροο epĭskū́rou / epĭskūroîo / epĭskū́roio / epĭskūróo / epĭskū́roo	ἐπῐσκῡ́ροιῐν epĭskū́roiĭn	ἐπῐσκῡ́ρων epĭskū́rōn
Dative	ἐπῐσκῡ́ρῳ epĭskū́rōi	ἐπῐσκῡ́ροιῐν epĭskū́roiĭn	ἐπῐσκῡ́ροισῐ / ἐπῐσκῡ́ροισῐν / ἐπῐσκῡ́ροις epĭskū́roisĭ(n) / epĭskū́rois
Accusative	ἐπῐ́σκῡρον epĭ́skūron	ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω epĭskū́rō	ἐπῐσκῡ́ρους epĭskū́rous
Vocative	ἐπῐ́σκῡρε epĭ́skūre	ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω epĭskū́rō	ἐπῐ́σκῡροι epĭ́skūroi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Second declension of ὁ ἐπῐ́σκῡρος; τοῦ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρου (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ἐπῐ́σκῡρος ho epĭ́skūros	τὼ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω tṑ epĭskū́rō	οἱ ἐπῐ́σκῡροι hoi epĭ́skūroi
Genitive	τοῦ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρου toû epĭskū́rou	τοῖν ἐπῐσκῡ́ροιν toîn epĭskū́roin	τῶν ἐπῐσκῡ́ρων tôn epĭskū́rōn
Dative	τῷ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρῳ tôi epĭskū́rōi	τοῖν ἐπῐσκῡ́ροιν toîn epĭskū́roin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ἐπῐσκῡ́ροισῐ / ἐπῐσκῡ́ροισῐν / ἐπῐσκῡ́ροις toîsĭ(n) epĭskū́roisĭ(n) / epĭskū́rois
Accusative	τὸν ἐπῐ́σκῡρον tòn epĭ́skūron	τὼ ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω tṑ epĭskū́rō	τοὺς ἐπῐσκῡ́ρους toùs epĭskū́rous
Vocative	ἐπῐ́σκῡρε epĭ́skūre	ἐπῐσκῡ́ρω epĭskū́rō	ἐπῐ́σκῡροι epĭ́skūroi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

References

“ἐπίσκυρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press