Ἀχαιός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Ἀχαΐα (Akhaḯa, “Achaea”) +‎ -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix). It is also attested as in the older forma Ἀχαιϝοί (Akhaiwoí), possibly coming via an intermediate form *Ἀχαϝyοί (*Akhawyoí).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.kʰai̯.ós/ → /a.çɛˈos/ → /a.çeˈos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.kʰai̯.ós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.kʰɛˈos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.çɛˈos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.çeˈos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.çeˈos/

Adjective

Ἀχαιός • (Akhaiós) m (feminine Ἀχαιᾱ́, neuter Ἀχαιόν); first/second declension

1. Achaean, from the region of Achaea in Greece.
2. (Homeric) Greek

Inflection

First and second declension of Ἀχαιός; Ἀχαιᾱ́; Ἀχαιόν (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		Ἀχαιός Akhaiós	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión		Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ		Ἀχαιοί Akhaioí	Ἀχαιαί Akhaiaí	Ἀχαιᾰ́ Akhaiắ
Genitive		Ἀχαιοῦ Akhaioû	Ἀχαιᾶς Akhaiâs	Ἀχαιοῦ Akhaioû		Ἀχαιοῖν Akhaioîn	Ἀχαιαῖν Akhaiaîn	Ἀχαιοῖν Akhaioîn		Ἀχαιῶν Akhaiôn	Ἀχαιῶν Akhaiôn	Ἀχαιῶν Akhaiôn
Dative		Ἀχαιῷ Akhaiôi	Ἀχαιᾷ Akhaiâi	Ἀχαιῷ Akhaiôi		Ἀχαιοῖν Akhaioîn	Ἀχαιαῖν Akhaiaîn	Ἀχαιοῖν Akhaioîn		Ἀχαιοῖς Akhaioîs	Ἀχαιαῖς Akhaiaîs	Ἀχαιοῖς Akhaioîs
Accusative		Ἀχαιόν Akhaión	Ἀχαιᾱ́ν Akhaiā́n	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión		Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ		Ἀχαιούς Akhaioús	Ἀχαιᾱ́ς Akhaiā́s	Ἀχαιᾰ́ Akhaiắ
Vocative		Ἀχαιέ Akhaié	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión		Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ		Ἀχαιοί Akhaioí	Ἀχαιαί Akhaiaí	Ἀχαιᾰ́ Akhaiắ
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		Ἀχαιῶς Akhaiôs				Ἀχαιότερος Akhaióteros				Ἀχαιότᾰτος Akhaiótătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of Ἀχαιός; Ἀχαιή; Ἀχαιόν (Epic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		Ἀχαιός Akhaiós	Ἀχαιή Akhaiḗ	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión		Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ		Ἀχαιοί Akhaioí	Ἀχαιαί Akhaiaí	Ἀχαιᾰ́ Akhaiắ
Genitive		Ἀχαιοῦ / Ἀχαιοῖο / Ἀχαιόο Akhaioû / Akhaioîo / Akhaióo	Ἀχαιῆς Akhaiês	Ἀχαιοῦ / Ἀχαιοῖο / Ἀχαιόο Akhaioû / Akhaioîo / Akhaióo		Ἀχαιοῖῐν Akhaioîĭn	Ἀχαιαῖν / Ἀχαιαῖῐν / Ἀχαιῇῐν Akhaiaî(ĭ)n / Akhaiêiĭn	Ἀχαιοῖῐν Akhaioîĭn		Ἀχαιῶν Akhaiôn	Ἀχαιᾱ́ων / Ἀχαιέ͜ων / Ἀχαιῶν Akhaiā́ōn / Akhaié͜ōn / Akhaiôn	Ἀχαιῶν Akhaiôn
Dative		Ἀχαιῷ Akhaiôi	Ἀχαιῇ Akhaiêi	Ἀχαιῷ Akhaiôi		Ἀχαιοῖῐν Akhaioîĭn	Ἀχαιαῖν / Ἀχαιαῖῐν / Ἀχαιῇῐν Akhaiaî(ĭ)n / Akhaiêiĭn	Ἀχαιοῖῐν Akhaioîĭn		Ἀχαιοῖσῐ / Ἀχαιοῖσῐν / Ἀχαιοῖς Akhaioîsĭ(n) / Akhaioîs	Ἀχαιῇσῐ / Ἀχαιῇσῐν / Ἀχαιῇς / Ἀχαιαῖς Akhaiêisĭ(n) / Akhaiêis / Akhaiaîs	Ἀχαιοῖσῐ / Ἀχαιοῖσῐν / Ἀχαιοῖς Akhaioîsĭ(n) / Akhaioîs
Accusative		Ἀχαιόν Akhaión	Ἀχαιήν Akhaiḗn	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión		Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ		Ἀχαιούς Akhaioús	Ἀχαιᾱ́ς Akhaiā́s	Ἀχαιᾰ́ Akhaiắ
Vocative		Ἀχαιέ Akhaié	Ἀχαιή Akhaiḗ	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión		Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιᾱ́ Akhaiā́	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ		Ἀχαιοί Akhaioí	Ἀχαιαί Akhaiaí	Ἀχαιᾰ́ Akhaiắ
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		Ἀχαιῶς Akhaiôs				Ἀχαιότερος Akhaióteros				Ἀχαιότᾰτος Akhaiótătos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Noun

Ἀχαιός • (Akhaiós) m (genitive Ἀχαιοῦ); second declension

1. an inhabitant of Achaea; an Achaean

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ Ἀχαιός; τοῦ Ἀχαιοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ Ἀχαιός ho Akhaiós	τὼ Ἀχαιώ tṑ Akhaiṓ	οἱ Ἀχαιοί hoi Akhaioí
Genitive	τοῦ Ἀχαιοῦ toû Akhaioû	τοῖν Ἀχαιοῖν toîn Akhaioîn	τῶν Ἀχαιῶν tôn Akhaiôn
Dative	τῷ Ἀχαιῷ tôi Akhaiôi	τοῖν Ἀχαιοῖν toîn Akhaioîn	τοῖς Ἀχαιοῖς toîs Akhaioîs
Accusative	τὸν Ἀχαιόν tòn Akhaión	τὼ Ἀχαιώ tṑ Akhaiṓ	τοὺς Ἀχαιούς toùs Akhaioús
Vocative	Ἀχαιέ Akhaié	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιοί Akhaioí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of Ἀχαιός; Ἀχαιοῦ (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	Ἀχαιός Akhaiós	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιοί Akhaioí
Genitive	Ἀχαιοῦ / Ἀχαιοῖο / Ἀχαιόο Akhaioû / Akhaioîo / Akhaióo	Ἀχαιοῖῐν Akhaioîĭn	Ἀχαιῶν Akhaiôn
Dative	Ἀχαιῷ Akhaiôi	Ἀχαιοῖῐν Akhaioîĭn	Ἀχαιοῖσῐ / Ἀχαιοῖσῐν / Ἀχαιοῖς Akhaioîsĭ(n) / Akhaioîs
Accusative	Ἀχαιόν Akhaión	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιούς Akhaioús
Vocative	Ἀχαιέ Akhaié	Ἀχαιώ Akhaiṓ	Ἀχαιοί Akhaioí
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• Παναχαιοί (Panakhaioí)

Descendants

• Greek: Αχαιός (Achaiós)
• Latin: Achaeus, Achīvus

References

• “Ἀχαιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Ἀχαιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Ἀχαιός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• “Ἀχαιός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 999