ἁπλόος

See also: ἄπλοος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἁπλοῦς (haploûs) — Attic, contracted
• ἁπλός (haplós) — Koine

Etymology

From ἁ- (ha-, “one, same”) +‎ -πλόος (-plóos, “-fold”). Compare δῐπλόος (diplóos, “double”), as well as Latin simplex.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ha.pló.os/ → /aˈplo.os/ → /aˈplo.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ha.pló.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)aˈplo.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈplo.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈplo.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈplo.os/

Adjective

ᾰ̔πλόος • (haplóos) m (feminine ᾰ̔πλόη, neuter ᾰ̔πλόον); first/second declension

1. single; onefold
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.18.4:

     ἀφικνοῦνται καὶ περιτειχίζουσι Μυτιλήνην ἐν κύκλῳ ἁπλῷ τείχει

     aphiknoûntai kaì periteikhízousi Mutilḗnēn en kúklōi haplôi teíkhei

     [...] and arriving at Mitylene built a single wall all round it [...]

2. simple
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 8.36:

     ἀλλὰ κελεύθοις ἁπλόαις ζωᾶς ἐφαπτοίμαν, θανὼν ὡς παισὶ κλέος μὴ τὸ δύσφαμον προσάψω

     allà keleúthois haplóais zōâs ephaptoíman, thanṑn hōs paisì kléos mḕ tò dúsphamon prosápsō

     May I rather stick to the simple paths of life, so that when I die I will not fasten a bad name to my children.

   • 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 979:

     κἀκεῖνον ἢ ’μὲ δεῖ θανεῖν: ἁπλοῦς λόγος

     kakeînon ḕ ’mè deî thaneîn: haploûs lógos

     He or I must die; the matter is simple.

3. honest, candid
   • 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 361b:

     ἄνδρα ἁπλοῦν καὶ γενναῖον, κατ’ Αἰσχύλον οὐ δοκεῖν ἀλλ’ εἶναι ἀγαθὸν ἐθέλοντα

     ándra haploûn kaì gennaîon, kat’ Aiskhúlon ou dokeîn all’ eînai agathòn ethélonta

     an honest and noble man who, in the phrase of Aeschylus, does not wish to seem, but be, good.

4. simple-minded
   • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, To Nicocles 46:

     φθονοῦσι μὲν τοῖς εὖ φρονοῦσιν, ἁπλοῦς δ’ ἡγοῦνται τοὺς νοῦν οὐκ ἔχοντας

     phthonoûsi mèn toîs eû phronoûsin, haploûs d’ hēgoûntai toùs noûn ouk ékhontas

     They look upon men of wisdom with suspicion, while they regard men of no understanding as simple-minded.

5. (metallogy) unalloyed, pure

Inflection

First and second declension of ἁπλόος; ἁπλόη; ἁπλόον (Ionic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἁπλόος haplóos	ἁπλόη haplóē	ἁπλόον haplóon		ἁπλόω haplóō	ἁπλόᾱ haplóā	ἁπλόω haplóō		ἁπλόοι haplóoi	ἁπλόαι haplóai	ἁπλόᾰ haplóa
Genitive		ἁπλόου haplóou	ἁπλόης haplóēs	ἁπλόου haplóou		ἁπλόοιν haplóoin	ἁπλόαιν haplóain	ἁπλόοιν haplóoin		ἁπλόων haplóōn	ἁπλοέων / ἁπλοῶν haploéōn / haploôn	ἁπλόων haplóōn
Dative		ἁπλόῳ haplóōi	ἁπλόῃ haplóēi	ἁπλόῳ haplóōi		ἁπλόοιν haplóoin	ἁπλόαιν haplóain	ἁπλόοιν haplóoin		ἁπλόοισῐ / ἁπλόοισῐν / ἁπλόοις haplóoisi(n) / haplóois	ἁπλόῃσῐ / ἁπλόῃσῐν haplóēisi(n)	ἁπλόοισῐ / ἁπλόοισῐν / ἁπλόοις haplóoisi(n) / haplóois
Accusative		ἁπλόον haplóon	ἁπλόην haplóēn	ἁπλόον haplóon		ἁπλόω haplóō	ἁπλόᾱ haplóā	ἁπλόω haplóō		ἁπλόους haplóous	ἁπλόᾱς haplóās	ἁπλόᾰ haplóa
Vocative		ἁπλόε haplóe	ἁπλόη haplóē	ἁπλόον haplóon		ἁπλόω haplóō	ἁπλόᾱ haplóā	ἁπλόω haplóō		ἁπλόοι haplóoi	ἁπλόαι haplóai	ἁπλόᾰ haplóa
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἁπλόως haplóōs				—				—
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• ἁπλαῖ (haplaî)
• ἁπλοειδής (haploeidḗs)
• ἅπλοθριξ (háplothrix)
• ἁπλοΐζομαι (haploḯzomai)
• ἁπλοϊκός (haploïkós)
• ἁπλοΐς (haploḯs)
• Ἁπλοκύων (Haplokúōn)
• ἁπλοπαθής (haplopathḗs)
• ἁπλοσύνη (haplosúnē)
• ἁπλοσχήμων (haploskhḗmōn)
• ἁπλότης (haplótēs)
• ἁπλοτομέω (haplotoméō)
• ἁπλοτομία (haplotomía)
• ἁπλόω (haplóō)

 

Descendants

• English: haplo-
• Greek: απλός (aplós)

Further reading

• “ἁπλόος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἁπλόος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἁπλόος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἁπλόος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “ἁπλόος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter