ἀφραδής

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἀ- (a-) +‎ φράζομαι (phrázomai, “to think, perceive, observe”) +‎ -ής (-ḗs)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.pʰra.dɛ̌ːs/ → /a.ɸraˈðis/ → /a.fraˈðis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.pʰra.dɛ̌ːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.pʰraˈde̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.ɸraˈðis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.fraˈðis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.fraˈðis/

Adjective

ἀφρᾰδής • (aphrădḗs) m or f (neuter ἀφρᾰδές); third declension

1. insensate, reckless
2. (of the dead) senseless, lifeless

Declension

Third declension of ᾰ̓φρᾰδής; ᾰ̓φρᾰδές (contracted, Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ᾰ̓φρᾰδής ăphrădḗs	ᾰ̓φρᾰδές ăphrădés		ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ ăphrădeî	ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ ăphrădeî		ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖς ăphrădeîs	ᾰ̓φρᾰδῆ ăphrădê
Genitive		ᾰ̓φρᾰδοῦς ăphrădoûs	ᾰ̓φρᾰδοῦς ăphrădoûs		ᾰ̓φρᾰδοῖν ăphrădoîn	ᾰ̓φρᾰδοῖν ăphrădoîn		ᾰ̓φρᾰδῶν ăphrădôn	ᾰ̓φρᾰδῶν ăphrădôn
Dative		ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ ăphrădeî	ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ ăphrădeî		ᾰ̓φρᾰδοῖν ăphrădoîn	ᾰ̓φρᾰδοῖν ăphrădoîn		ᾰ̓φρᾰδέσῐ / ᾰ̓φρᾰδέσῐν ăphrădésĭ(n)	ᾰ̓φρᾰδέσῐ / ᾰ̓φρᾰδέσῐν ăphrădésĭ(n)
Accusative		ᾰ̓φρᾰδῆ ăphrădê	ᾰ̓φρᾰδές ăphrădés		ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ ăphrădeî	ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ ăphrădeî		ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖς ăphrădeîs	ᾰ̓φρᾰδῆ ăphrădê
Vocative		ᾰ̓φρᾰδές ăphrădés	ᾰ̓φρᾰδές ăphrădés		ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ ăphrădeî	ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ ăphrădeî		ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖς ăphrădeîs	ᾰ̓φρᾰδῆ ăphrădê
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ᾰ̓φρᾰδῶς ăphrădôs			ᾰ̓φρᾰδέστερος ăphrădésteros			ᾰ̓φρᾰδέστᾰτος ăphrădéstătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ᾰ̓φρᾰδής; ᾰ̓φρᾰδές (uncontracted, Epic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ᾰ̓φρᾰδής ăphrădḗs	ᾰ̓φρᾰδές ăphrădés		ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ / ᾰ̓φρᾰδέε ăphrădeî / ăphrădée	ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ / ᾰ̓φρᾰδέε ăphrădeî / ăphrădée		ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖς / ᾰ̓φρᾰδέες ăphrădeîs / ăphrădées	ᾰ̓φρᾰδέᾰ ăphrădéă
Genitive		ᾰ̓φρᾰδέος / ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῦς ăphrădéos / ăphrădeûs	ᾰ̓φρᾰδέος / ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῦς ăphrădéos / ăphrădeûs		ᾰ̓φρᾰδοῖν ăphrădoîn	ᾰ̓φρᾰδοῖν ăphrădoîn		ᾰ̓φρᾰδέων ăphrădéōn	ᾰ̓φρᾰδέων ăphrădéōn
Dative		ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ / ᾰ̓φρᾰδέῐ̈ ăphrădeî / ăphrădéĭ̈	ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ / ᾰ̓φρᾰδέῐ̈ ăphrădeî / ăphrădéĭ̈		ᾰ̓φρᾰδοῖν ăphrădoîn	ᾰ̓φρᾰδοῖν ăphrădoîn		ᾰ̓φρᾰδέσῐ / ᾰ̓φρᾰδέσῐν ăphrădésĭ(n)	ᾰ̓φρᾰδέσῐ / ᾰ̓φρᾰδέσῐν ăphrădésĭ(n)
Accusative		ᾰ̓φρᾰδέᾰ ăphrădéă	ᾰ̓φρᾰδές ăphrădés		ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ / ᾰ̓φρᾰδέε ăphrădeî / ăphrădée	ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ / ᾰ̓φρᾰδέε ăphrădeî / ăphrădée		ᾰ̓φρᾰδέᾰς ăphrădéăs	ᾰ̓φρᾰδέᾰ ăphrădéă
Vocative		ᾰ̓φρᾰδές ăphrădés	ᾰ̓φρᾰδές ăphrădés		ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ / ᾰ̓φρᾰδέε ăphrădeî / ăphrădée	ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖ / ᾰ̓φρᾰδέε ăphrădeî / ăphrădée		ᾰ̓φρᾰδεῖς / ᾰ̓φρᾰδέες ăphrădeîs / ăphrădées	ᾰ̓φρᾰδέᾰ ăphrădéă
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ᾰ̓φρᾰδέως ăphrădéōs			ᾰ̓φρᾰδέστερος ăphrădésteros			ᾰ̓φρᾰδέστᾰτος ăphrădéstătos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• ἀφραδίη (aphradíē)

Further reading

• “ἀφραδής”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀφραδής in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἀφραδής in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀφραδής in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• ἀφραδής, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• “ἀφραδής”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press