ἀσχαλάω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἀσχᾰ́λλω (askhắllō)

Etymology

Commonly derived from an original *ἄσχαλος (*áskhalos, “who cannot hold himself”), from ἀ- (a-, not) +‎ σχεῖν (skheîn, “to hold”) and a suffix -αλο-. Highly doubtful.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /as.kʰa.lá.ɔː/ → /as.xaˈla.o/ → /as.xaˈla.o/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /as.kʰa.lá.ɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /as.kʰaˈla.o/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /as.xaˈla.o/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /as.xaˈla.o/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /as.xaˈla.o/

Verb

ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ω • (askhălắō)

1. to be distressed, grieved

Conjugation

   Present: ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ω, ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ω	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́εις	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ει	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ετον	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ετον	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ομεν	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ετε	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ω	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ῃς	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ῃ	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ητον	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ητον	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ωμεν	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ητε	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́οιμῐ	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́οις	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́οι	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́οιτον	ἀσχᾰλᾰοίτην	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́οιμεν	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́οιτε	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́οιεν
	imperative		ἀσχᾰ́λᾰε	ἀσχᾰλᾰέτω	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ετον	ἀσχᾰλᾰέτων		ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ετε	ἀσχᾰλᾰόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ομαι	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ῃ, ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ει	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́εται	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́εσθον	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́εσθον	ἀσχᾰλᾰόμεθᾰ	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́εσθε	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ονται
	subjunctive	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ωμαι	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ῃ	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ηται	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ησθον	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ησθον	ἀσχᾰλᾰώμεθᾰ	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ησθε	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ωνται
	optative	ἀσχᾰλᾰοίμην	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́οιο	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́οιτο	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́οισθον	ἀσχᾰλᾰοίσθην	ἀσχᾰλᾰοίμεθᾰ	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́οισθε	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́οιντο
	imperative		ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ου	ἀσχᾰλᾰέσθω	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́εσθον	ἀσχᾰλᾰέσθων		ἀσχᾰλᾰ́εσθε	ἀσχᾰλᾰέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ειν				ἀσχᾰλᾰ́εσθαι
participle	m	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ων				ἀσχᾰλᾰόμενος
	f	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ουσᾰ				ἀσχᾰλᾰομένη
	n	ἀσχᾰλᾰ́ον				ἀσχᾰλᾰόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: ἀσχᾰλῶ, ἀσχᾰλῶμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀσχᾰλῶ	ἀσχᾰλᾷς	ἀσχᾰλᾷ	ἀσχᾰλᾶτον	ἀσχᾰλᾶτον	ἀσχᾰλῶμεν	ἀσχᾰλᾶτε	ἀσχᾰλῶσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἀσχᾰλῶ	ἀσχᾰλᾷς	ἀσχᾰλᾷ	ἀσχᾰλᾶτον	ἀσχᾰλᾶτον	ἀσχᾰλῶμεν	ἀσχᾰλᾶτε	ἀσχᾰλῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀσχᾰλῴην, ἀσχᾰλῷμῐ	ἀσχᾰλῴης, ἀσχᾰλῷς	ἀσχᾰλῴη, ἀσχᾰλῷ	ἀσχᾰλῷτον, ἀσχᾰλῴητον	ἀσχᾰλῴτην, ἀσχᾰλῳήτην	ἀσχᾰλῷμεν, ἀσχᾰλῴημεν	ἀσχᾰλῷτε, ἀσχᾰλῴητε	ἀσχᾰλῷεν, ἀσχᾰλῴησᾰν
	imperative		ἀσχᾰ́λᾱ	ἀσχᾰλᾱ́τω	ἀσχᾰλᾶτον	ἀσχᾰλᾱ́των		ἀσχᾰλᾶτε	ἀσχᾰλώντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἀσχᾰλῶμαι	ἀσχᾰλᾷ	ἀσχᾰλᾶται	ἀσχᾰλᾶσθον	ἀσχᾰλᾶσθον	ἀσχᾰλώμεθᾰ	ἀσχᾰλᾶσθε	ἀσχᾰλῶνται
	subjunctive	ἀσχᾰλῶμαι	ἀσχᾰλᾷ	ἀσχᾰλᾶται	ἀσχᾰλᾶσθον	ἀσχᾰλᾶσθον	ἀσχᾰλώμεθᾰ	ἀσχᾰλᾶσθε	ἀσχᾰλῶνται
	optative	ἀσχᾰλῴμην	ἀσχᾰλῷο	ἀσχᾰλῷτο	ἀσχᾰλῷσθον	ἀσχᾰλῴσθην	ἀσχᾰλῴμεθᾰ	ἀσχᾰλῷσθε	ἀσχᾰλῷντο
	imperative		ἀσχᾰλῶ	ἀσχᾰλᾱ́σθω	ἀσχᾰλᾶσθον	ἀσχᾰλᾱ́σθων		ἀσχᾰλᾶσθε	ἀσχᾰλᾱ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἀσχᾰλᾶν				ἀσχᾰλᾶσθαι
participle	m	ἀσχᾰλῶν				ἀσχᾰλώμενος
	f	ἀσχᾰλῶσᾰ				ἀσχᾰλωμένη
	n	ἀσχᾰλῶν				ἀσχᾰλώμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἀσχᾰλήσω, ἀσχᾰλήσομαι, ἀσχᾰληθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀσχᾰλήσω	ἀσχᾰλήσεις	ἀσχᾰλήσει	ἀσχᾰλήσετον	ἀσχᾰλήσετον	ἀσχᾰλήσομεν	ἀσχᾰλήσετε	ἀσχᾰλήσουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀσχᾰλήσοιμῐ	ἀσχᾰλήσοις	ἀσχᾰλήσοι	ἀσχᾰλήσοιτον	ἀσχᾰλησοίτην	ἀσχᾰλήσοιμεν	ἀσχᾰλήσοιτε	ἀσχᾰλήσοιεν
middle	indicative	ἀσχᾰλήσομαι	ἀσχᾰλήσῃ, ἀσχᾰλήσει	ἀσχᾰλήσεται	ἀσχᾰλήσεσθον	ἀσχᾰλήσεσθον	ἀσχᾰλησόμεθᾰ	ἀσχᾰλήσεσθε	ἀσχᾰλήσονται
	optative	ἀσχᾰλησοίμην	ἀσχᾰλήσοιο	ἀσχᾰλήσοιτο	ἀσχᾰλήσοισθον	ἀσχᾰλησοίσθην	ἀσχᾰλησοίμεθᾰ	ἀσχᾰλήσοισθε	ἀσχᾰλήσοιντο
passive	indicative	ἀσχᾰληθήσομαι	ἀσχᾰληθήσῃ	ἀσχᾰληθήσεται	ἀσχᾰληθήσεσθον	ἀσχᾰληθήσεσθον	ἀσχᾰληθησόμεθᾰ	ἀσχᾰληθήσεσθε	ἀσχᾰληθήσονται
	optative	ἀσχᾰληθησοίμην	ἀσχᾰληθήσοιο	ἀσχᾰληθήσοιτο	ἀσχᾰληθήσοισθον	ἀσχᾰληθησοίσθην	ἀσχᾰληθησοίμεθᾰ	ἀσχᾰληθήσοισθε	ἀσχᾰληθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἀσχᾰλήσειν			ἀσχᾰλήσεσθαι		ἀσχᾰληθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ἀσχᾰλήσων			ἀσχᾰλησόμενος		ἀσχᾰληθησόμενος
	f	ἀσχᾰλήσουσᾰ			ἀσχᾰλησομένη		ἀσχᾰληθησομένη
	n	ἀσχᾰλῆσον			ἀσχᾰλησόμενον		ἀσχᾰληθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Further reading

• “ἀσχαλάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀσχαλάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἀσχαλάω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀσχαλάω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἀσχαλάω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀσχαλάω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀσχαλάω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160