ἀπηνής

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἀπο- (apo-) + the root -η(ν)- (-ē(n)-) found in πρᾱνής (prānḗs, “prone”) and ἐνηής (enēḗs, “gentle, amiable”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.pɛː.nɛ̌ːs/ → /a.piˈnis/ → /a.piˈnis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.pɛː.nɛ̌ːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.pe̝ˈne̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.piˈnis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.piˈnis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.piˈnis/

Mark the vowel length of the ambiguous vowel ἀ by adding a macron after it if it is long, or a breve if it is short. By default, Module:grc-pronunciation assumes it is short if unmarked.
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Adjective

ἀπηνής • (apēnḗs) m or f (neuter ἀπηνές); third declension

1. ungentle, harsh, rough, hard

Declension

Third declension of ᾰ̓πηνής; ᾰ̓πηνές (contracted, Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ᾰ̓πηνής ăpēnḗs	ᾰ̓πηνές ăpēnés		ᾰ̓πηνεῖ ăpēneî	ᾰ̓πηνεῖ ăpēneî		ᾰ̓πηνεῖς ăpēneîs	ᾰ̓πηνῆ ăpēnê
Genitive		ᾰ̓πηνοῦς ăpēnoûs	ᾰ̓πηνοῦς ăpēnoûs		ᾰ̓πηνοῖν ăpēnoîn	ᾰ̓πηνοῖν ăpēnoîn		ᾰ̓πηνῶν ăpēnôn	ᾰ̓πηνῶν ăpēnôn
Dative		ᾰ̓πηνεῖ ăpēneî	ᾰ̓πηνεῖ ăpēneî		ᾰ̓πηνοῖν ăpēnoîn	ᾰ̓πηνοῖν ăpēnoîn		ᾰ̓πηνέσῐ / ᾰ̓πηνέσῐν ăpēnésĭ(n)	ᾰ̓πηνέσῐ / ᾰ̓πηνέσῐν ăpēnésĭ(n)
Accusative		ᾰ̓πηνῆ ăpēnê	ᾰ̓πηνές ăpēnés		ᾰ̓πηνεῖ ăpēneî	ᾰ̓πηνεῖ ăpēneî		ᾰ̓πηνεῖς ăpēneîs	ᾰ̓πηνῆ ăpēnê
Vocative		ᾰ̓πηνές ăpēnés	ᾰ̓πηνές ăpēnés		ᾰ̓πηνεῖ ăpēneî	ᾰ̓πηνεῖ ăpēneî		ᾰ̓πηνεῖς ăpēneîs	ᾰ̓πηνῆ ăpēnê
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ᾰ̓πηνῶς ăpēnôs			ᾰ̓πηνέστερος ăpēnésteros			ᾰ̓πηνέστᾰτος ăpēnéstătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ᾰ̓πηνής; ᾰ̓πηνές (uncontracted, Epic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ᾰ̓πηνής ăpēnḗs	ᾰ̓πηνές ăpēnés		ᾰ̓πηνεῖ / ᾰ̓πηνέε ăpēneî / ăpēnée	ᾰ̓πηνεῖ / ᾰ̓πηνέε ăpēneî / ăpēnée		ᾰ̓πηνεῖς / ᾰ̓πηνέες ăpēneîs / ăpēnées	ᾰ̓πηνέᾰ ăpēnéă
Genitive		ᾰ̓πηνέος / ᾰ̓πηνεῦς ăpēnéos / ăpēneûs	ᾰ̓πηνέος / ᾰ̓πηνεῦς ăpēnéos / ăpēneûs		ᾰ̓πηνοῖν ăpēnoîn	ᾰ̓πηνοῖν ăpēnoîn		ᾰ̓πηνέων ăpēnéōn	ᾰ̓πηνέων ăpēnéōn
Dative		ᾰ̓πηνεῖ / ᾰ̓πηνέῐ̈ ăpēneî / ăpēnéĭ̈	ᾰ̓πηνεῖ / ᾰ̓πηνέῐ̈ ăpēneî / ăpēnéĭ̈		ᾰ̓πηνοῖν ăpēnoîn	ᾰ̓πηνοῖν ăpēnoîn		ᾰ̓πηνέσῐ / ᾰ̓πηνέσῐν ăpēnésĭ(n)	ᾰ̓πηνέσῐ / ᾰ̓πηνέσῐν ăpēnésĭ(n)
Accusative		ᾰ̓πηνέᾰ ăpēnéă	ᾰ̓πηνές ăpēnés		ᾰ̓πηνεῖ / ᾰ̓πηνέε ăpēneî / ăpēnée	ᾰ̓πηνεῖ / ᾰ̓πηνέε ăpēneî / ăpēnée		ᾰ̓πηνέᾰς ăpēnéăs	ᾰ̓πηνέᾰ ăpēnéă
Vocative		ᾰ̓πηνές ăpēnés	ᾰ̓πηνές ăpēnés		ᾰ̓πηνεῖ / ᾰ̓πηνέε ăpēneî / ăpēnée	ᾰ̓πηνεῖ / ᾰ̓πηνέε ăpēneî / ăpēnée		ᾰ̓πηνεῖς / ᾰ̓πηνέες ăpēneîs / ăpēnées	ᾰ̓πηνέᾰ ăpēnéă
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ᾰ̓πηνέως ăpēnéōs			ᾰ̓πηνέστερος ăpēnésteros			ᾰ̓πηνέστᾰτος ăpēnéstătos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Further reading

• “ἀπηνής”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀπηνής in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἀπηνής in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀπηνής in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• “ἀπηνής”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press