ἀπηνής

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἀπο- (apo-) + the root -η(ν)- (-ē(n)-) found in πρᾱνής (prānḗs, “prone”) and ἐνηής (enēḗs, “gentle, amiable”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.pɛː.nɛ̌ːs/ → /a.piˈnis/ → /a.piˈnis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.pɛː.nɛ̌ːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.pe̝ˈne̝s/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.piˈnis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.piˈnis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.piˈnis/

Adjective

ἀπηνής • (apēnḗs) m or f (neuter ἀπηνές); third declension

1. ungentle, harsh, rough, hard

Declension

Third declension of ἀ̆πηνής; ἀ̆πηνές (contracted, Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἀ̆πηνής apēnḗs	ἀ̆πηνές apēnés		ἀ̆πηνεῖ apēneî	ἀ̆πηνεῖ apēneî		ἀ̆πηνεῖς apēneîs	ἀ̆πηνῆ apēnê
Genitive		ἀ̆πηνοῦς apēnoûs	ἀ̆πηνοῦς apēnoûs		ἀ̆πηνοῖν apēnoîn	ἀ̆πηνοῖν apēnoîn		ἀ̆πηνῶν apēnôn	ἀ̆πηνῶν apēnôn
Dative		ἀ̆πηνεῖ apēneî	ἀ̆πηνεῖ apēneî		ἀ̆πηνοῖν apēnoîn	ἀ̆πηνοῖν apēnoîn		ἀ̆πηνέσῐ / ἀ̆πηνέσῐν apēnési(n)	ἀ̆πηνέσῐ / ἀ̆πηνέσῐν apēnési(n)
Accusative		ἀ̆πηνῆ apēnê	ἀ̆πηνές apēnés		ἀ̆πηνεῖ apēneî	ἀ̆πηνεῖ apēneî		ἀ̆πηνεῖς apēneîs	ἀ̆πηνῆ apēnê
Vocative		ἀ̆πηνές apēnés	ἀ̆πηνές apēnés		ἀ̆πηνεῖ apēneî	ἀ̆πηνεῖ apēneî		ἀ̆πηνεῖς apēneîs	ἀ̆πηνῆ apēnê
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ἀ̆πηνῶς apēnôs			ἀ̆πηνέστερος apēnésteros			ἀ̆πηνέστᾰτος apēnéstatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ἀ̆πηνής; ἀ̆πηνές (uncontracted, Epic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἀ̆πηνής apēnḗs	ἀ̆πηνές apēnés		ἀ̆πηνεῖ / ἀ̆πηνέε apēneî / apēnée	ἀ̆πηνεῖ / ἀ̆πηνέε apēneî / apēnée		ἀ̆πηνεῖς / ἀ̆πηνέες apēneîs / apēnées	ἀ̆πηνέᾰ apēnéa
Genitive		ἀ̆πηνέος / ἀ̆πηνεῦς apēnéos / apēneûs	ἀ̆πηνέος / ἀ̆πηνεῦς apēnéos / apēneûs		ἀ̆πηνοῖν apēnoîn	ἀ̆πηνοῖν apēnoîn		ἀ̆πηνέων apēnéōn	ἀ̆πηνέων apēnéōn
Dative		ἀ̆πηνεῖ / ἀ̆πηνέῐ̈ apēneî / apēnéï	ἀ̆πηνεῖ / ἀ̆πηνέῐ̈ apēneî / apēnéï		ἀ̆πηνοῖν apēnoîn	ἀ̆πηνοῖν apēnoîn		ἀ̆πηνέσῐ / ἀ̆πηνέσῐν apēnési(n)	ἀ̆πηνέσῐ / ἀ̆πηνέσῐν apēnési(n)
Accusative		ἀ̆πηνέᾰ apēnéa	ἀ̆πηνές apēnés		ἀ̆πηνεῖ / ἀ̆πηνέε apēneî / apēnée	ἀ̆πηνεῖ / ἀ̆πηνέε apēneî / apēnée		ἀ̆πηνέᾰς apēnéas	ἀ̆πηνέᾰ apēnéa
Vocative		ἀ̆πηνές apēnés	ἀ̆πηνές apēnés		ἀ̆πηνεῖ / ἀ̆πηνέε apēneî / apēnée	ἀ̆πηνεῖ / ἀ̆πηνέε apēneî / apēnée		ἀ̆πηνεῖς / ἀ̆πηνέες apēneîs / apēnées	ἀ̆πηνέᾰ apēnéa
Derived forms		Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
		ἀ̆πηνέως apēnéōs			ἀ̆πηνέστερος apēnésteros			ἀ̆πηνέστᾰτος apēnéstatos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Further reading

• “ἀπηνής”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀπηνής in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἀπηνής in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀπηνής in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “ἀπηνής”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press