ἀλέξω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- ἀλέκω (alékō)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *aléksō (“to protect”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lek- (“to defend”), same source as Sanskrit रक्षति (rákṣati), Old Armenian loanword երաշխիք (erašxikʻ), and Old English ealgian (“to protect, defend”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.lék.sɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈlek.so/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈlek.so/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈlek.so/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈlek.so/
Verb
[edit]ἀλέξω • (aléxō)
- to keep off, turn aside
- to guard, protect, defend, help
- (middle voice) to recompense, requite
Inflection
[edit]Many of the forms seem to be formed as if from *ἀλεξέω (*alexéō), e.g. ἀλεξήσω (alexḗsō), while other seem to be formed from ἀλέκω (alékō), e.g. ἤλεξα (ḗlexa).
Present: ᾰ̓λέξω, ᾰ̓λέξομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤλεξον | ἤλεξες | ἤλεξε(ν) | ἠλέξετον | ἠλεξέτην | ἠλέξομεν | ἠλέξετε | ἤλεξον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠλεξόμην | ἠλέξου | ἠλέξετο | ἠλέξεσθον | ἠλεξέσθην | ἠλεξόμεθᾰ | ἠλέξεσθε | ἠλέξοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἤλεκον | ἤλεκες | ἤλεκε(ν) | ἠλέκετον | ἠλεκέτην | ἠλέκομεν | ἠλέκετε | ἤλεκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἠλεκόμην | ἠλέκου | ἠλέκετο | ἠλέκεσθον | ἠλεκέσθην | ἠλεκόμεθᾰ | ἠλέκεσθε | ἠλέκοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: ᾰ̓λεξήσω, ᾰ̓λεξήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓λεξήσω | ᾰ̓λεξήσεις | ᾰ̓λεξήσει | ᾰ̓λεξήσετον | ᾰ̓λεξήσετον | ᾰ̓λεξήσομεν | ᾰ̓λεξήσετε | ᾰ̓λεξήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιμῐ | ᾰ̓λεξήσοις | ᾰ̓λεξήσοι | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιτον | ᾰ̓λεξησοίτην | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιμεν | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιτε | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ᾰ̓λεξήσομαι | ᾰ̓λεξήσῃ, ᾰ̓λεξήσει |
ᾰ̓λεξήσεται | ᾰ̓λεξήσεσθον | ᾰ̓λεξήσεσθον | ᾰ̓λεξησόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λεξήσεσθε | ᾰ̓λεξήσονται | ||||
optative | ᾰ̓λεξησοίμην | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιο | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιτο | ᾰ̓λεξήσοισθον | ᾰ̓λεξησοίσθην | ᾰ̓λεξησοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λεξήσοισθε | ᾰ̓λεξήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̓λεξήσειν | ᾰ̓λεξήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̓λεξήσων | ᾰ̓λεξησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ᾰ̓λεξήσουσᾰ | ᾰ̓λεξησομένη | |||||||||||
n | ᾰ̓λεξῆσον | ᾰ̓λεξησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: ᾰ̓λέξω, ᾰ̓λέξομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̓λέξω | ᾰ̓λέξεις | ᾰ̓λέξει | ᾰ̓λέξετον | ᾰ̓λέξετον | ᾰ̓λέξομεν | ᾰ̓λέξετε | ᾰ̓λέξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ᾰ̓λέξοιμῐ | ᾰ̓λέξοις | ᾰ̓λέξοι | ᾰ̓λέξοιτον | ᾰ̓λεξοίτην | ᾰ̓λέξοιμεν | ᾰ̓λέξοιτε | ᾰ̓λέξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ᾰ̓λέξομαι | ᾰ̓λέξῃ, ᾰ̓λέξει |
ᾰ̓λέξεται | ᾰ̓λέξεσθον | ᾰ̓λέξεσθον | ᾰ̓λεξόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέξεσθε | ᾰ̓λέξονται | ||||
optative | ᾰ̓λεξοίμην | ᾰ̓λέξοιο | ᾰ̓λέξοιτο | ᾰ̓λέξοισθον | ᾰ̓λεξοίσθην | ᾰ̓λεξοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̓λέξοισθε | ᾰ̓λέξοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̓λέξειν | ᾰ̓λέξεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̓λέξων | ᾰ̓λεξόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ᾰ̓λέξουσᾰ | ᾰ̓λεξομένη | |||||||||||
n | ᾰ̓λέξον | ᾰ̓λεξόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἠλέξησᾰ, ἠλεξησᾰ́μην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἄλαλκον | ἄλαλκες | ἄλαλκε(ν) | ἀλάλκετον | ἀλαλκέτην | ἀλάλκομεν | ἀλάλκετε | ἄλαλκον | ||||
subjunctive | ἀλάλκω, ἀλάλκωμῐ |
ἀλάλκῃς, ἀλάλκῃσθᾰ |
ἀλάλκῃ, ἀλάλκῃσῐ |
ἀλάλκητον | ἀλάλκητον | ἀλάλκωμεν | ἀλάλκητε | ἀλάλκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἀλάλκοιμῐ | ἀλάλκοις/ἀλάλκοισθᾰ | ἀλάλκοι | ἀλαλκεῖτον | ἀλαλκείτην | ἀλαλκεῖμεν | ἀλαλκεῖτε | ἀλαλκεῖεν | |||||
imperative | ἄλαλκε | ἀλαλκέτω | ἀλάλκετον | ἀλαλκέτων | ἀλάλκετε | ἀλαλκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἀλαλκεῖν/ἀλαλκέμεν(αι) | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἀλαλκών | |||||||||||
f | ἀλαλκοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | ἀλαλκόν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
[edit]- Ἀλεξαμενός (Alexamenós)
- Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros)
- Ἀλέξαρχος (Aléxarkhos)
- Ἀλεξιάρης (Alexiárēs)
- Ἀλεξικλῆς (Alexiklês)
- Ἀλεξῖνος (Alexînos)
- Ἀλέξιππος (Aléxippos)
- Ἄλεξις (Álexis)
- Ἀλέξων (Aléxōn)
- ἐπαλέξω (epaléxō)
Related terms
[edit]- ἀλκή (alkḗ)
References
[edit]- “ἀλέξω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἀλέξω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἀλέξω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἀλέξω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἀλέξω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἀλέξω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “ἀλέξω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂lek-
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms