ḫsr

Egyptian

Etymology

Possibly related to Arabic خَسَرَ (ḵasara, “to lose”) or Hebrew חָסֵר (khasér, “absent, missing”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /xɛsɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: kheser

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to dispel, to drive away, to remove

Inflection

Conjugation of ḫsr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḫsr, geminated stem: ḫsrr

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ḫsr ḫsrw, ḫsr ḫsrt ḫsr ḫsr ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ḫsr ḥr ḫsr m ḫsr r ḫsr suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect ḫsr.n ḫsrw, ḫsr consecutive ḫsr.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative ḫsrt perfective3 ḫsr active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 ḫsr.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective ḫsr active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 ḫsr ḫsrr potentialis1 ḫsr.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive ḫsr active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect ḫsr.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective ḫsr active + .tj1, .tw2 ḫsr ḫsr, ḫsrw5, ḫsry5 imperfective ḫsr, ḫsry, ḫsrw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 ḫsr, ḫsrj6, ḫsry6 ḫsr, ḫsrw5 prospective ḫsr, ḫsrtj7 — ḫsrtj4, ḫsrt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫsr  

ẖsr	ḫrs
	with metathesis

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 338.