ḥmw

See also: ḫmw

Egyptian

Egyptian numbers ^(edit)

←  30	𓎉 40	50  →
	4
Cardinal: ḥmw     Ordinal: mḥ-ḥmw

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Numeral:

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ħVˈmuw/ → /ħVˈmuw/ → /ħəˈmuʔ/ → /ħəˈmøʔ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħVˈmuw/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħVˈmuw/

  where V represents an unknown short vowel.

• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħəˈmuʔ/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ħəˈmøʔ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛmuː/
  • Conventional anglicization: hemu

Numeral

1. forty

Inflection

	masculine	feminine
singular	ḥmw	—

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲙⲉ (hme)
• Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲙⲉ (hme), ϩⲙ (hm)
• Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲙⲉ (hme)
• Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲙⲉ (hme)

Etymology 2

A participial form of ḥm (“to steer”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛmuː/
  • Conventional anglicization: hemu

Noun

 m

1. rudder, steering-oar
2. (by extension) helmsman

Inflection

Declension of ḥmw (masculine)

singular	ḥmw
dual	ḥmwwj
plural	ḥmww

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥmw  

ḥmw	ḥmw

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛmuː/
  • Conventional anglicization: hemu

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) skilled

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥmw (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḥmw

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ḥmw ḥmww, ḥmw ḥmwt ḥmw ḥmw ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ḥmw ḥr ḥmw m ḥmw r ḥmw suffix conjugation aspect / mood active contingent aspect / mood active perfect ḥmw.n consecutive ḥmw.jn terminative ḥmwt perfective3 ḥmw obligative1 ḥmw.ḫr imperfective ḥmw prospective3 ḥmw potentialis1 ḥmw.kꜣ subjunctive ḥmw verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active active passive perfect ḥmw.n — — perfective ḥmw ḥmw ḥmw, ḥmww5, ḥmwy5 imperfective ḥmw, ḥmwy, ḥmww5 ḥmw, ḥmwj6, ḥmwy6 ḥmw, ḥmww5 prospective ḥmw, ḥmwtj7 ḥmwtj4, ḥmwt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• ḥmwy (“work”)
• ḥmww (“craftsman”)
• ḥmwwtyw (“craftsmen”)
• ḥmwt (“craftsman”)

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 102, 382.
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN