ḥmsj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈħimsit/ → /ˈħimsiʔ/ → /ˈħemsa/ → /ˈħemsə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħimsit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħimsiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħemsa/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħemsə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛmɛsi/
  • Conventional anglicization: hemesi

Verb

 4ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to sit down, to sit (+ ḥr: on, at; + m: in; + r: beside, at; + r and infinitive: in order to do (something)) [since the Pyramid Texts]
   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.7–1.8:

     jr ḥms.k ḥnꜥ ꜣfꜥ wnm.k ꜣḫf.f swꜣ(.w)

     If you sit with a glutton, you should eat when his burning appetite has passed.

2. (intransitive) to dwell, to stay or live (+ m: in, at; + ḥnꜥ: with)
3. (intransitive, with ḥr) to besiege (a place) [since the 18th Dynasty]
4. (transitive) to occupy (a seat, etc.) [since the Pyramid Texts]
5. (transitive) to seat (someone) [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥmsj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: ḥms

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ḥmst, ḥmsj ḥmsw, ḥmsyw, ḥms ḥmst, ḥmswt, ḥmsyt ḥms ḥms, ḥmsy ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ḥms8 ḥr ḥmst, ḥr ḥmsj m ḥmst, ḥr ḥmsj r ḥmst, ḥr ḥmsj suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect ḥms.n ḥmsw, ḥms, ḥmsy consecutive ḥms.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative ḥmst perfective3 ḥms active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 ḥms.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective ḥms, ḥmsy active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 ḥmsw, ḥms, ḥmsy ḥms potentialis1 ḥms.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive ḥms, ḥmsy active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect ḥms.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective ḥmsw1, ḥmsy, ḥms active + .tj1, .tw2 ḥms ḥmsy, ḥms imperfective ḥms, ḥmsy, ḥmsw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 ḥms, ḥmsj6, ḥmsy6 ḥms, ḥmsw5 prospective ḥmsw1, ḥmsy, ḥms, ḥmstj7 — ḥmswtj1 4, ḥmstj4, ḥmst4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine. 8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥmsj  

ḥmsj	ḥmsj	ḥmsj	ḥmsj	ḥmsj	ḥmsj

Descendants

• Demotic: ḥms
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲙⲉⲥⲧ (hmest), ϩⲙⲉⲥ (hmes), ϩⲙⲁⲥⲧ (hmast), ϩⲙⲟⲥⲧ (hmost)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ (hemsi)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ (hmoos), ϩⲙⲁⲥ (hmas), ϩⲙⲁⲁⲥ (hmaas), ϩⲉⲙⲁⲥ (hemas)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲙⲉⲥⲧ (hmest), ϩⲙⲉⲥ (hmes), ϩⲙⲁⲥⲧ (hmast), ϩⲙⲁⲥ (hmas), ϩⲙⲁⲁⲥ (hmaas)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ (hmoos)

See also

• 𓀂, 𓀔, 𓀕

References

• “ḥmsi̯ (lemma ID 105780)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 96.13–98.22
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 170
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 157, 207, 250, 255, 271.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 55