ḥmsj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈħimsit/ → /ˈħimsiʔ/ → /ˈħemsa/ → /ˈħemsə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħimsit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħimsiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħemsa/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħemsə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛmɛsi/
  • Conventional anglicization: hemesi

Verb

 4ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to sit down, to sit (+ ḥr: on, at; + m: in; + r: beside, at; + r and infinitive: in order to do (something)) [since the Pyramid Texts]
   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.7–1.8:

     jr ḥms.k ḥnꜥ ꜣfꜥ wnm.k ꜣḫf.f swꜣ(.w)

     If you sit with a glutton, you should eat when his burning appetite has passed.

2. (intransitive) to dwell, to stay or live (+ m: in, at; + ḥnꜥ: with)
3. (intransitive, with ḥr) to besiege (a place) [since the 18th Dynasty]
4. (transitive) to occupy (a seat, etc.) [since the Pyramid Texts]
5. (transitive) to seat (someone) [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥmsj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: ḥms

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḥmst, ḥmsj	ḥmsw, ḥmsyw, ḥms	ḥmst, ḥmswt, ḥmsyt	ḥms	ḥms, ḥmsy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḥms8	ḥr ḥmst, ḥr ḥmsj	m ḥmst, ḥr ḥmsj	r ḥmst, ḥr ḥmsj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḥms.n	ḥmsw, ḥms, ḥmsy	consecutive	ḥms.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḥmst
perfective3	ḥms	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ḥms.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḥms, ḥmsy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḥmsw, ḥms, ḥmsy	ḥms	potentialis1	ḥms.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḥms, ḥmsy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḥms.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḥmsw1, ḥmsy, ḥms	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḥms	ḥmsy, ḥms
imperfective	ḥms, ḥmsy, ḥmsw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḥms, ḥmsj6, ḥmsy6	ḥms, ḥmsw5
prospective	ḥmsw1, ḥmsy, ḥms, ḥmstj7	—	ḥmswtj1 4, ḥmstj4, ḥmst4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥmsj  

ḥmsj	ḥmsj	ḥmsj	ḥmsj	ḥmsj	ḥmsj

Descendants

• Demotic: ḥms
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲙⲉⲥⲧ (hmest), ϩⲙⲉⲥ (hmes), ϩⲙⲁⲥⲧ (hmast), ϩⲙⲟⲥⲧ (hmost)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ (hemsi)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ (hmoos), ϩⲙⲁⲥ (hmas), ϩⲙⲁⲁⲥ (hmaas), ϩⲉⲙⲁⲥ (hemas)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲙⲉⲥⲧ (hmest), ϩⲙⲉⲥ (hmes), ϩⲙⲁⲥⲧ (hmast), ϩⲙⲁⲥ (hmas), ϩⲙⲁⲁⲥ (hmaas)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ (hmoos)

See also

• 𓀂, 𓀔, 𓀕

References

• “ḥmsi̯ (lemma ID 105780)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 96.13–98.22
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 170
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 157, 207, 250, 255, 271.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 55