ḏws

See also: DWs

Egyptian

Etymology

Likely from earlier sḏwj (“to slander”) by metathesis.

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒuːs/
  • Conventional anglicization: djus

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to falsely speak ill of someone (+ n: to (a person of authority)); to malign, to slander, to tell on [Middle Kingdom]

Inflection

The exact conjugation class is uncertain; the verb may potentially also have a weak ending, as in the unmetathesized form.

Conjugation of ḏws (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḏws, geminated stem: ḏwss

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḏws	ḏwsw, ḏws	ḏwst	ḏws	ḏws

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḏws	ḥr ḏws	m ḏws	r ḏws

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḏws.n	ḏwsw, ḏws	consecutive	ḏws.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḏwst
perfective3	ḏws	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ḏws.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḏws	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḏws	ḏwss	potentialis1	ḏws.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḏws	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḏws.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḏws	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḏws	ḏws, ḏwsw5, ḏwsy5
imperfective	ḏws, ḏwsy, ḏwsw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḏws, ḏwsj6, ḏwsy6	ḏws, ḏwsw5
prospective	ḏws, ḏwstj7	—	ḏwstj4, ḏwst4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏws  

dws	dsj	ḏs	ḏws

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 552.6
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 316
• Fecht, Gerhard (1974) “Die Königs-Insignien mit s-Suffix (1. Teil)” in Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, volume 1, page 189