ḏwj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒuːi/
  • Conventional anglicization: djewi

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) evil, bad, wicked, harmful
2. (intransitive, of the secretions of corpses, filth, etc.) to be(come) unclean

Inflection

Conjugation of ḏwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḏw, geminated stem: ḏww

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḏwt, ḏwj	ḏww, ḏw	ḏwt, ḏwwt, ḏwyt	ḏw	ḏw, ḏwy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḏw8, ḏww8	ḥr ḏwt, ḥr ḏwj	m ḏwt, m ḏwj	r ḏwt, r ḏwj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḏw.n	ḏww, ḏw, ḏwy	consecutive	ḏw.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḏwt, ḏwyt
perfective3	ḏw	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ḏw.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḏw, ḏwy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḏww, ḏw, ḏwy	ḏww, ḏw, ḏwy	potentialis1	ḏw.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḏw, ḏwy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḏw.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḏww1, ḏwy, ḏw	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḏw	ḏwy, ḏw
imperfective	ḏww, ḏwwy, ḏwww5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḏww, ḏwwj6, ḏwwy6	ḏww, ḏwww5
prospective	ḏww1, ḏwy, ḏw, ḏwtj7	—	ḏwwtj1 4, ḏwtj4, ḏwt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏwj  

ḏw	ḏw

Derived terms

• bd ḏwj (“badness”)
• ḏwj (“evil”, adjective)
• ḏwt (“evil, sadness”, noun)

 

Adverb

1. badly, wickedly

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 545.9–547.7
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 320
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 270.