ḏbꜣ

See also: dbꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈcʼaːbaʀ/ → /ˈtʼaːbaʀ/ → /ˈtʼaːbəʕ/ → /ˈtʼoːβəʕ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈcʼaːbaʀ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈtʼaːbaʀ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈtʼaːbəʕ/, with irregular development at some point, perhaps of a final /ʕ/ — Vycichl proposes contamination of this word by ḏbꜥ.
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈtʼoːβəʕ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɛbɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: djeba

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to take (someone else’s seat in a boat) [Pyramid Texts]
2. (transitive) to replace (something) (+ m: with (something else))
3. (transitive, mathematics) to convert (a value) (+ m: to)
4. (transitive) to stand in for, to substitute for (someone) [Greco-Roman Period]
5. (transitive, Late Egyptian) to buy (something) [since the New Kingdom]
6. (transitive) to repay, to reward, to requite (good or evil deeds) (+ n: of (someone); + m: with)
7. (transitive) to punish (enemies) (+ m or ḥr: for) [chiefly Greco-Roman Period]
8. (transitive) to change into (clothes) (+ n: to change (someone) into (some clothes)) [since the Pyramid Texts]
9. (transitive) to dress or adorn (someone) (+ m: with, in) [since the Pyramid Texts]
10. (transitive, of a person) to be supplied, provided, or armed with [since the 18th Dynasty]
11. (transitive) to supply (a place or building) (+ m: with) [Greco-Roman Period]
12. (transitive) to block up (+ m: with)
13. (intransitive) to be(come) adorned (+ m: with)

Inflection

Conjugation of ḏbꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḏbꜣ, geminated stem: ḏbꜣꜣ

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ḏbꜣ ḏbꜣw, ḏbꜣ ḏbꜣt ḏbꜣ ḏbꜣ ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ḏbꜣ ḥr ḏbꜣ m ḏbꜣ r ḏbꜣ suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect ḏbꜣ.n ḏbꜣw, ḏbꜣ consecutive ḏbꜣ.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative ḏbꜣt perfective3 ḏbꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 ḏbꜣ.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective ḏbꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 ḏbꜣ ḏbꜣꜣ potentialis1 ḏbꜣ.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive ḏbꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect ḏbꜣ.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective ḏbꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 ḏbꜣ ḏbꜣ, ḏbꜣw5, ḏbꜣy5 imperfective ḏbꜣ, ḏbꜣy, ḏbꜣw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 ḏbꜣ, ḏbꜣj6, ḏbꜣy6 ḏbꜣ, ḏbꜣw5 prospective ḏbꜣ, ḏbꜣtj7 — ḏbꜣtj4, ḏbꜣt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏbꜣ  

ḏbꜣ	dbꜣ
in sense ‘block up’

Derived terms

• ḏbꜣw

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲃⲉ (touoube)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃ (tōb)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲓ (tōōbi)
• Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃⲉ (tōbe)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲉ (tōōbe)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 555.5–558.15
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 321
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 107, 164