ḏꜥ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɑː/
  • Conventional anglicization: dja

Noun

 m

1. storm, stormwind [since the Old Kingdom]
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 30–32:

     sr.sn ḏꜥ nj jjt nšnj nj ḫprt.f

     They could predict a stormwind before it came or a thunderstorm before it happened.

2. (Late Egyptian) altercation; fierce exchange of words
3. (medicine) flatulence

Inflection

Declension of ḏꜥ (masculine)

singular	ḏꜥ
dual	ḏꜥwj
plural	ḏꜥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏꜥ  

ḏꜥ	ḏꜥ	ḏꜥ
[Old and New Kingdom]	[Late Period]	[20th Dynasty]
		sportive writing

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ϫⲟ (čo)

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (intransitive, medicine, of a person) to fart
2. (intransitive, of the sky) to be(come) stormy [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḏꜥ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ḏꜥ, geminated stem: ḏꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḏꜥ	ḏꜥw, ḏꜥ	ḏꜥt	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḏꜥ	ḥr ḏꜥ	m ḏꜥ	r ḏꜥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	ḏꜥ.n	consecutive	ḏꜥ.jn
terminative	ḏꜥt
perfective3	ḏꜥ	obligative1	ḏꜥ.ḫr
imperfective	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ1
prospective3	ḏꜥ	potentialis1	ḏꜥ.kꜣ
subjunctive	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ1

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	ḏꜥ.n	—	—
perfective	ḏꜥ	ḏꜥ	ḏꜥꜥ, ḏꜥꜥj6, ḏꜥ2, ḏꜥw2 5, ḏꜥy2 5
imperfective	j.ḏꜥ1, ḏꜥ, ḏꜥy, ḏꜥw5	j.ḏꜥ1, j.ḏꜥw1 5, ḏꜥ, ḏꜥj6, ḏꜥy6	ḏꜥ, ḏꜥw5
prospective	ḏꜥ, ḏꜥtj7	ḏꜥtj4, ḏꜥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Noun

 m

1. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
   1. a type of agricultural work [Old Kingdom]

Noun

 m

1. a type of bread

Inflection

Declension of ḏꜥ (masculine)

singular	ḏꜥ
dual	ḏꜥwj
plural	ḏꜥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏꜥ  

ḏꜥ

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to spearfish, to catch by spearfishing [Middle Kingdom]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḏꜥ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ḏꜥ, geminated stem: ḏꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḏꜥ	ḏꜥw, ḏꜥ	ḏꜥt	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḏꜥ	ḥr ḏꜥ	m ḏꜥ	r ḏꜥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḏꜥ.n	ḏꜥw, ḏꜥ	consecutive	ḏꜥ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḏꜥt
perfective3	ḏꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ḏꜥ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḏꜥ	ḏꜥꜥ	potentialis1	ḏꜥ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḏꜥ, j.ḏꜥ1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḏꜥ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḏꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḏꜥ	ḏꜥꜥ, ḏꜥꜥj6, ḏꜥ2, ḏꜥw2 5, ḏꜥy2 5
imperfective	j.ḏꜥ1, ḏꜥ, ḏꜥy, ḏꜥw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.ḏꜥ1, j.ḏꜥw1 5, ḏꜥ, ḏꜥj6, ḏꜥy6	ḏꜥ, ḏꜥw5
prospective	ḏꜥ, ḏꜥtj7	—	ḏꜥtj4, ḏꜥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Verb

1. Alternative form of ḏꜥr (“to seek”)

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏꜥ  

ḏꜥ

Verb

1. (hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: [19th Dynasty]
   1. (transitive) to lay waste, to desolate
   2. (intransitive) to be laid waste, to be(come) desolate
      • 19th Dynasty, Merneptah’s Libyan war inscription at Karnak:

        jw.s ḏꜥ.tj m hꜣw tp(j)w-ꜥ

        It was laid waste in the time of the ancestors

Descendants

• Coptic: ϫⲁⲓⲉ (čaie, “desert”)

References

• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 533.11–534.13