ᚷᛡᚠ

Proto-Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gab, the 1st/3rd singular past indicative of *gebaną.

Verb

ᚷᛡᚠ (gᴀf /gaf/) (first/third-person singular past indicative) (Transitional Period)

1. gave
   • 550-600, Stentoften Runestone (DR357, KJ96)

     ᚾᛁᚢᚺᛡᛒᛟᚱᚢᛗᛦ ¶ ᚾᛁᚢᚺᚨᚷᛖᛋᛏᚢᛗᛦ ¶ ᚺᛡᚦᚢᚹᛟᛚᛡᚠᛦᚷᛡᚠᛃ […]
     niuhᴀborumʀ ¶ niuhagestumʀ ¶ hᴀþuwolᴀfʀgᴀfj […]

     Nīu haβᵒrumʀ, nīu hangistumʀ, Haþuwolᵃfʀ gaf j[= ār].

     By [the sacrifice of] nine bucks and by [the sacrifice of] nine stallions, Haþuwolfʀ gave a fruitful year.

Inflection

The following forms are attested:

• 1st singular present indicative — ᚷᛁᛒᚢ (gibu) [450–500 CE, Sjælland 2 bracteate]
• 3rd singular past indicative — ᚷᛡᚠ (gᴀf /⁠gaf⁠/) [550–600 CE, Stentoften stone]

Descendants

• Old Norse: gaf (1st/3rd singular past indicative of gefa)