ᚱᚢᚾᛡᛉ

Proto-Norse

Alternative forms

• ᚱᚢᚾᛟᛉ (runoʀ /⁠rūnōʀ⁠/) — older

Etymology

From earlier ᚱᚢᚾᛟᛉ (runoʀ).

Noun

ᚱᚢᚾᛡᛉ (runᴀʀ /rūnaʀ/) (Transitional Period)

1. accusative plural of ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo)
   • 600s, inscription on the Istaby Runestone

     ᛡᚠᚨᛏᛉᚺᛡᚱᛁᚹᚢᛚᚨᚠᚨ ¶ ᚺᛡᚦᚢᚹᚢᛚᚨᚠᛉᚺᛡᛖᚱᚢᚹᚢᛚᚨᚠᛁᛉ ¶ ᚹᚨᚱᛡᛁᛏᚱᚢᚾᛡᛉᚦᛡᛁᛡᛉ
     AfatzhAriwulafa ¶ hAþuwulafzhAeruwulafiz ¶ warAitrunAzþAiAz

     afᵃtr Hariwulᵃfa, Haþuwulᵃfʀ Hjeruwulᵃfīʀ, wᵃrait rūnaʀ þaiaʀ

     In memory of Hariwulfʀ, Haþuwulfʀ, the descendant of Heruwulfʀ, wrote these runes.

Descendants

• Old Norse: rúnar, ᚱᚢᚾ (run), ᚱᚢᚾᛅᛦ (runaʀ), ᚱᚢᚾᛁᛦ (runiʀ), ᚱᚢᚾᚬᛦ (runąʀ)
  • Icelandic: rún f
  • Faroese: rún f
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: run f, runer f pl (← rúnir); (dialectal) rón f, rjón n
  • Old Swedish: rūn, rūna
    • Swedish: runa c or f
  • Old Danish: rune
    • Danish: rune c (partially through artificial revival), runer pl
      • Norwegian Bokmål: rune m or f
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: rune f, runa f
      • → German: Rune f
        • → Dutch: rune
      • → English: rune
        • → Mandarin: 盧恩／卢恩 (lú'ēn)