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ᚦᛡᛏ

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Proto-Norse

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *þat (neuter of *sa (that)), from Proto-Indo-European *tód (neuter of *só (that)). Cognate with Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 (þata).

Pronoun

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ᚦᛡᛏ (þᴀt /þat/) (Transitional Period)

  1. that; nominative/accusative singular neuter of ᛋᛡ (sᴀ)
    • 500s-600s Stentoften Runestone
      [] ᚺᛖᚱᛡᛗᛡᛚᛡᛋᛡᛦᛡᚱᛡᚷᛖᚢᚹᛖᛚᛡᛞᚢᛞᛋᛡᚦᛡᛏ ¶ ᛒᛡᚱᛁᚢᛏᛁᚦ
      [] herᴀmᴀlᴀsᴀzᴀrᴀgeuwelᴀdudsᴀþᴀt ¶ bᴀriutiþ
      [] herᵃmalausᵃʀ arᵃgiu, wēladauðē, sa þat bᵃriutiþ.
      [] Defenceless by [reason of] perversity, [condemned] to insidious death, [is] he [who] breaks this.

Usage notes

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In earlier classic Proto-Norse, this word would have been spelled *ᚦᚨᛏ (*þat). However, by the time of the Stentoften Runestone, the ᚨ-rune (a) had shifted from representing a generic /a/ to specifically a nasal /ã/ (this use persists into the Younger Futhark reflex ᚬ, transcribed ą or o), and the oral /a/ was instead represented by the ᚼ-rune (A).

Descendants

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