ქო-

See also: ქო

Laz

Alternative forms

• ქა- (ka-) — Khopa–Batumi, Chkhala
• ჰო- (ho-) — Chkhala, Batumi
• ჰა- (ha-) — Chkhala
• ხო- (xo-) — Batumi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Georgian-Zan *kwe (affirmative participle)

Prefix

ქო- • (ko-) (Latin spelling ko-)

1. demonstrates that the verb is indeed positive: affirmation prefix

   Synonyms: დო- (do-), მენდა- (menda-), ო- (o-)

   1. (at the beginning of the verb being)

      ღორმოთი ქორენ

      ğormoti koren

      God exists

   2. (at the beginning of the stative verb)

      ჶადიმეზ ღვალეფე ჩერელი არ მსქვა ბოზო ქუონუნ

      fadimez ğvalepe çereli ar mskva bozo kuonun

      Fadime has a beautiful daughter with bright cheeks.

   3. (is added at the beginning of the imperfective form of the preverbed verb of action to indicate that the action is always done or is common)

      უჩა დოლოქუნუ კალა ქჩე დოლოქუნუფე ნახვანა ქჩეფეზ უჩა ქონაქთენ

      uça dolokunu ǩala kçe dolokunupe naxvana kçepez uça konakten

      If you wash white clothes with black clothes, the whites will get black

   4. (Batumi) (is added at the beginning of the imperfective form of some action verbs without preverb to indicate that the action in question has always been done or is commonplace)

      ნაზმიქ ბურეღი ძირაში ხომუხედუნ დო ქუიმხორს

      nazmik bureği żiraşi xomuxedun do kuimxors

      When Nazmi sees bureği, he sits down and eats it

   5. (at the beginning of the perfective form of the preverbed verb of action)

      ოდგიჲალუთენ ყუჯი ჰომემატუ

      odgiyaluten quci homemaťu

      I'm deafened by the noise

Usage notes

• It becomes ქ- (k-) before vowels.

Further reading

• Kojima, Gôichi (2012–) “ko-”, in Temel Lazca-Türkçe Sözlük Taslağı‎^[1] (in Turkish)