უნდა

Georgian

Etymology

The verbal meaning comes directly from Old Georgian უნდა, which used to be the imperfect, thus the -დ- screeve marker, the modern form created required screeves (უნდოდა, უნდოდეს).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [unda]
• Hyphenation: უნ‧და

Particle

უნდა • (unda)

1. have to, should, ought to, need, must

   მგონი უნდა მიხვიდე მასთან და ბოდიში მოუხადო

   mgoni unda mixvide mastan da bodiši mouxado

   I think you should go and apologize to her

   აუცილებლად უნდა დატოვო ქვეყანა

   aucileblad unda daṭovo kveq̇ana

   You must leave the country

Usage notes

• The particle is accompanied by the present subjunctive, optative, or pluperfect screeves of a verb.
  • If the speaker thinks that an action described by a verb should have been done then the present subjunctive screeve is used. Adverbs უკვე (uḳve) and ახლა (axla) are often used after the verb.
• If one wants to emphasize a strong obligation upon someone, they may use the adverb აუცილებლად (aucileblad) just before the particle.

Verb

უნდა • (unda) (third-person singular present indicative, verbal noun ნდომა)

1. to want

Derived terms

• ვისაც არ უნდა (visac ar unda)