ဂှ်
Appearance
Mon
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Mon gah or gåh, from Old Mon [script needed] (goḥ, goh, goḥh).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]ဂှ် (gah)
- denoting something or someone perceived as being distant by the speaker; that[4][3]
- referent already known to the listener or mentioned by the speaker; it[3]
Particle
[edit]ဂှ် (gah)
- topic marker[3]
- used as intensifier[3]
Pronoun
[edit]ဂှ် (gah)
- particle making. [nn.] and nominal. [phr.] [esp.] in initial prominence position, and occasionally complete sents.
Audio: (file) - အဲဟွံတီမၞိဟ်ဏံဂှ်။
- ʼoahwaṃtiṃmnihṇaṃgh
- I don't know this man.
Audio: (file) - က္ၜၚ်ကျာဂှ်အဲဟွံကေၚ်ဍိုက်။
- kṗaṅkyāghʼoahwaṃkeṅḍiuk
- I have never been in an aeroplane.
- ဍုဟ်မုဟ်ဍုၚ်ဂှ်နွံအကြာမတ်လမၠီုကဵုကျာ်ခမဳရ။
- ḍuhmuhḍuṅghnwaṃʼakrāmatlamliuṃkeukyākkhamīra
- Muhdtung {Mudon} is between Maodlaomlame {Moulmein} and Kyaikkhamoi {Amhert}.
- ဍေံတံမိက်ဂွံကၠုၚ်အဏံဟီုဂှ်ဟာ။
- ḍeṃtaṃmikgwaṃkluṅʼaṇaṃhiuṃghhā
- does he say that they want to come here?
- တဵုလဝ်ဒယိုၚ်ကၞာ ပ္တဴလဝ်အလာံဇၞောဝ်တံဂှ်လေဝ်။
- teulawdayiuṅknā ptaolawʼalāṃjnowtaṃghlew
- They set up the posts for the pavilion, and hung up the banners and streamers.
- တ္ၚဲဗုဒ္ဓဝါဂှ်စိုပ်ဓဝဲါ။
- tṅoabuddhawāghciupdhawāy
- we get to Dhaewai {Tevoy} on Wednesday.
- မၞိဟ်ကၠုၚ်သ္ၚိမၞးတံတ္ၚဲဏံဂှ် မၞးတီဒၟံၚ်ဍေံဟာ။
- mnihkluṅsṅimnaḥtaṃtṅoaṇaṃgh mnaḥtiṃdmaṃṅḍeṃhā
- do you know the man who come to your house today?
- သ္ၚိအဲဂှ်တဝ်ကဵုကၠံပ္ကဴဂှ်ရ။
- sṅiʼoaghtawkeuklaṃpkaoghra
- My house faces the gardens.
Pronoun
[edit]ဂှ် (gah)
- is occasionally deictic.
- အာလ္ပာ်တာဲဂှ်ညိ။
- ʼālpāktāyghñi
- Go towards that hut.
- ဒၞာဲဂှ်ဗြဲပက်မံၚ်။
- dnāyghbroapakmaṃṅ
- it is raining in over there.
- ဂှ်လေဝ် … ဂှ်လေဝ်!
- ghlew … ghlew!
- either … or, neither … nor.
- မၞးဂှ်ကမၠောန်ဂှ်လေဝ်သ္ဒးကၠောန် ကၠောဝ်ဂှ်လေဝ်သ္ဒးကၠောဝ်ဏောၚ်။
- mnaḥghkamlonghlewsdaḥklon klowghlewsdaḥklowṇoṅ
- You will have either to work or starve.
- ဗှ်ဂှ်လေဝ်ဗှ်ဟွံလေပ် ချူဂှ်လေဝ်ချူဟွံလေပ်။
- bhghlewbhhwaṃlep khyūghlewkhyūhwaṃlep
- He can neither read nor write.
Derived terms
[edit]- ဂှ်လေဝ် (gah le), ဂှ်လေဝ်ကီု (gah le kuiṁ)
References
[edit]- ^ Jenny, Mathias (2005) The verb system of Mon, University of Zurich, , →ISBN, page 25
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jenny, Mathias (2015) “Modern Mon”, in Mathias Jenny and Paul Sidwell (eds.), editors, The Handbook of Austroasian Languages[1], volume 1, Leiden and Boston: Brill, , →ISBN, page 565 of 553–600
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Sakamoto, Yasuyuki (1994) Mon - Japanese Dictionary[2] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, page 90
- ^ อนุสรณ์ สถานนท์, ร้อยตรี (1984) พจนานุกรม มอญ-ไทย [Mon-Thai Dictionary] (in Thai), กรุงเทพฯ: คณะกรรมการทุนพระนาอนุมานราชธน, page 40