सुपार

Sanskrit

FWOTD – 30 June 2022

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• সুপাৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬲᬸᬧᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
• সুপার (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰲𑰢𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀼𑀧𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• သုပါရ (Burmese script)
• સુપાર (Gujarati script)
• ਸੁਪਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑍁𑌪𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦱꦸꦥꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂳𑂣𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಸುಪಾರ (Kannada script)
• សុបារ (Khmer script)
• ສຸປາຣ (Lao script)
• സുപാര (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᡠᢒᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘳𑘢𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠤᢒᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧔𑧂𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑐸𑐥𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
• ସୁପାର (Odia script)
• ꢱꢸꢦꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆶𑆥𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖲𑖢𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
• සුපාර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁𑩒𑩰𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚰𑚞𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
• ஸுபார (Tamil script)
• సుపార (Telugu script)
• สุปาร (Thai script)
• སུ་པཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑒳𑒣𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑨃𑨞𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From सु- (su-, “good, easy”) +‎ पार (pāra, “crossing, bringing across; opposite side; end or limit, utmost limit, fullest extend”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /su.pɑː.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪uˈpɑː.ɾɐ/

Adjective

सुपार • (supārá) stem

1. easy to be crossed or traversed
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.96.1:

     अस्मा उषास आतिरन्त याममिन्द्राय नक्तमूर्म्याः सुवाचः ।
     अस्मा आपो मातरः सप्त तस्थुर्नृभ्यस्तराय सिन्धवः सुपाराः ॥

     asmā uṣāsa ātiranta yāmamindrāya naktamūrmyāḥ suvācaḥ.
     asmā āpo mātaraḥ sapta tasthurnṛbhyastarāya sindhavaḥ supārāḥ.

     For him, the dawns prolonged their rising; for Indra, the nights uttered auspicious voices by night;
     for him, the waters, the seven water mothers, stood, easy to be crossed by men.

2. passing quickly (of rain)
3. leading to prosperity or success; leading away from distress
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.47.7:

     इन्द्र प्र णः पुरएतेव पश्य प्र नो नय प्रतरं वस्यो अच्छ ।
     भवा सुपारो अतिपारयो नो भवा सुनीतिरुत वामनीतिः ॥

     indra pra ṇaḥ puraeteva paśya pra no naya prataraṃ vasyo accha.
     bhavā supāro atipārayo no bhavā sunītiruta vāmanītiḥ.

     Look out for us, O Indra, as our Leader, and guide us on to gain yet goodlier treasure.
     Excellent Guardian, bear us well through peril, and lead us on to wealth with careful guidance.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सुपार (supārá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुपारः supāráḥ	सुपारौ / सुपारा¹ supāraú / supārā́¹	सुपाराः / सुपारासः¹ supārā́ḥ / supārā́saḥ¹
Vocative	सुपार súpāra	सुपारौ / सुपारा¹ súpārau / súpārā¹	सुपाराः / सुपारासः¹ súpārāḥ / súpārāsaḥ¹
Accusative	सुपारम् supārám	सुपारौ / सुपारा¹ supāraú / supārā́¹	सुपारान् supārā́n
Instrumental	सुपारेण supāréṇa	सुपाराभ्याम् supārā́bhyām	सुपारैः / सुपारेभिः¹ supāraíḥ / supārébhiḥ¹
Dative	सुपाराय supārā́ya	सुपाराभ्याम् supārā́bhyām	सुपारेभ्यः supārébhyaḥ
Ablative	सुपारात् supārā́t	सुपाराभ्याम् supārā́bhyām	सुपारेभ्यः supārébhyaḥ
Genitive	सुपारस्य supārásya	सुपारयोः supāráyoḥ	सुपाराणाम् supārā́ṇām
Locative	सुपारे supāré	सुपारयोः supāráyoḥ	सुपारेषु supāréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of सुपारा (supārā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुपारा supārā́	सुपारे supāré	सुपाराः supārā́ḥ
Vocative	सुपारे súpāre	सुपारे súpāre	सुपाराः súpārāḥ
Accusative	सुपाराम् supārā́m	सुपारे supāré	सुपाराः supārā́ḥ
Instrumental	सुपारया / सुपारा¹ supāráyā / supārā́¹	सुपाराभ्याम् supārā́bhyām	सुपाराभिः supārā́bhiḥ
Dative	सुपारायै supārā́yai	सुपाराभ्याम् supārā́bhyām	सुपाराभ्यः supārā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	सुपारायाः / सुपारायै² supārā́yāḥ / supārā́yai²	सुपाराभ्याम् supārā́bhyām	सुपाराभ्यः supārā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	सुपारायाः / सुपारायै² supārā́yāḥ / supārā́yai²	सुपारयोः supāráyoḥ	सुपाराणाम् supārā́ṇām
Locative	सुपारायाम् supārā́yām	सुपारयोः supāráyoḥ	सुपारासु supārā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of सुपार (supārá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	सुपारम् supārám	सुपारे supāré	सुपाराणि / सुपारा¹ supārā́ṇi / supārā́¹
Vocative	सुपार súpāra	सुपारे súpāre	सुपाराणि / सुपारा¹ súpārāṇi / súpārā¹
Accusative	सुपारम् supārám	सुपारे supāré	सुपाराणि / सुपारा¹ supārā́ṇi / supārā́¹
Instrumental	सुपारेण supāréṇa	सुपाराभ्याम् supārā́bhyām	सुपारैः / सुपारेभिः¹ supāraíḥ / supārébhiḥ¹
Dative	सुपाराय supārā́ya	सुपाराभ्याम् supārā́bhyām	सुपारेभ्यः supārébhyaḥ
Ablative	सुपारात् supārā́t	सुपाराभ्याम् supārā́bhyām	सुपारेभ्यः supārébhyaḥ
Genitive	सुपारस्य supārásya	सुपारयोः supāráyoḥ	सुपाराणाम् supārā́ṇām
Locative	सुपारे supāré	सुपारयोः supāráyoḥ	सुपारेषु supāréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “सुपार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1228, column 1.