सुपार
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- সুপাৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬸᬧᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
- সুপার (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰲𑰢𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀼𑀧𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- သုပါရ (Burmese script)
- સુપાર (Gujarati script)
- ਸੁਪਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑍁𑌪𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦸꦥꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂳𑂣𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಸುಪಾರ (Kannada script)
- សុបារ (Khmer script)
- ສຸປາຣ (Lao script)
- സുപാര (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᡠᢒᠠ᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘳𑘢𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠤᢒᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧔𑧂𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐸𑐥𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
- ସୁପାର (Odia script)
- ꢱꢸꢦꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆶𑆥𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖲𑖢𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
- සුපාර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩒𑩰𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚰𑚞𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
- ஸுபார (Tamil script)
- సుపార (Telugu script)
- สุปาร (Thai script)
- སུ་པཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒳𑒣𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨃𑨞𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From सु- (su-, “good, easy”) + पार (pāra, “crossing, bringing across; opposite side; end or limit, utmost limit, fullest extend”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]सुपार • (supārá) stem
- easy to be crossed or traversed
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.96.1:
- अस्मा उषास आतिरन्त याममिन्द्राय नक्तमूर्म्याः सुवाचः ।
अस्मा आपो मातरः सप्त तस्थुर्नृभ्यस्तराय सिन्धवः सुपाराः ॥- asmā uṣāsa ātiranta yāmamindrāya naktamūrmyāḥ suvācaḥ.
asmā āpo mātaraḥ sapta tasthurnṛbhyastarāya sindhavaḥ supārāḥ. - For him, the dawns prolonged their rising; for Indra, the nights uttered auspicious voices by night;
for him, the waters, the seven water mothers, stood, easy to be crossed by men.
- asmā uṣāsa ātiranta yāmamindrāya naktamūrmyāḥ suvācaḥ.
- अस्मा उषास आतिरन्त याममिन्द्राय नक्तमूर्म्याः सुवाचः ।
- passing quickly (of rain)
- leading to prosperity or success; leading away from distress
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.47.7:
- इन्द्र प्र णः पुरएतेव पश्य प्र नो नय प्रतरं वस्यो अच्छ ।
भवा सुपारो अतिपारयो नो भवा सुनीतिरुत वामनीतिः ॥- indra pra ṇaḥ puraeteva paśya pra no naya prataraṃ vasyo accha.
bhavā supāro atipārayo no bhavā sunītiruta vāmanītiḥ. - Look out for us, O Indra, as our Leader, and guide us on to gain yet goodlier treasure.
Excellent Guardian, bear us well through peril, and lead us on to wealth with careful guidance.
- indra pra ṇaḥ puraeteva paśya pra no naya prataraṃ vasyo accha.
- इन्द्र प्र णः पुरएतेव पश्य प्र नो नय प्रतरं वस्यो अच्छ ।
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सुपारः (supāráḥ) | सुपारौ (supāraú) सुपारा¹ (supārā́¹) |
सुपाराः (supārā́ḥ) सुपारासः¹ (supārā́saḥ¹) |
| vocative | सुपार (súpāra) | सुपारौ (súpārau) सुपारा¹ (súpārā¹) |
सुपाराः (súpārāḥ) सुपारासः¹ (súpārāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | सुपारम् (supārám) | सुपारौ (supāraú) सुपारा¹ (supārā́¹) |
सुपारान् (supārā́n) |
| instrumental | सुपारेण (supāréṇa) | सुपाराभ्याम् (supārā́bhyām) | सुपारैः (supāraíḥ) सुपारेभिः¹ (supārébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | सुपाराय (supārā́ya) | सुपाराभ्याम् (supārā́bhyām) | सुपारेभ्यः (supārébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सुपारात् (supārā́t) | सुपाराभ्याम् (supārā́bhyām) | सुपारेभ्यः (supārébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सुपारस्य (supārásya) | सुपारयोः (supāráyoḥ) | सुपाराणाम् (supārā́ṇām) |
| locative | सुपारे (supāré) | सुपारयोः (supāráyoḥ) | सुपारेषु (supāréṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सुपारा (supārā́) | सुपारे (supāré) | सुपाराः (supārā́ḥ) |
| vocative | सुपारे (súpāre) | सुपारे (súpāre) | सुपाराः (súpārāḥ) |
| accusative | सुपाराम् (supārā́m) | सुपारे (supāré) | सुपाराः (supārā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | सुपारया (supāráyā) सुपारा¹ (supārā́¹) |
सुपाराभ्याम् (supārā́bhyām) | सुपाराभिः (supārā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | सुपारायै (supārā́yai) | सुपाराभ्याम् (supārā́bhyām) | सुपाराभ्यः (supārā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सुपारायाः (supārā́yāḥ) सुपारायै² (supārā́yai²) |
सुपाराभ्याम् (supārā́bhyām) | सुपाराभ्यः (supārā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सुपारायाः (supārā́yāḥ) सुपारायै² (supārā́yai²) |
सुपारयोः (supāráyoḥ) | सुपाराणाम् (supārā́ṇām) |
| locative | सुपारायाम् (supārā́yām) | सुपारयोः (supāráyoḥ) | सुपारासु (supārā́su) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | सुपारम् (supārám) | सुपारे (supāré) | सुपाराणि (supārā́ṇi) सुपारा¹ (supārā́¹) |
| vocative | सुपार (súpāra) | सुपारे (súpāre) | सुपाराणि (súpārāṇi) सुपारा¹ (súpārā¹) |
| accusative | सुपारम् (supārám) | सुपारे (supāré) | सुपाराणि (supārā́ṇi) सुपारा¹ (supārā́¹) |
| instrumental | सुपारेण (supāréṇa) | सुपाराभ्याम् (supārā́bhyām) | सुपारैः (supāraíḥ) सुपारेभिः¹ (supārébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | सुपाराय (supārā́ya) | सुपाराभ्याम् (supārā́bhyām) | सुपारेभ्यः (supārébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | सुपारात् (supārā́t) | सुपाराभ्याम् (supārā́bhyām) | सुपारेभ्यः (supārébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | सुपारस्य (supārásya) | सुपारयोः (supāráyoḥ) | सुपाराणाम् (supārā́ṇām) |
| locative | सुपारे (supāré) | सुपारयोः (supāráyoḥ) | सुपारेषु (supāréṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “सुपार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1228, column 1.