श्वाविध्

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit श्वाविध् (śvāvídh). Doublet of साही (sāhī).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃʋɑː.ʋɪd̪ʱ/, [ʃʋäː.ʋɪd̪ʱ]

Noun

श्वाविध् • (śvāvidh) m

1. (rare) porcupine

   Synonyms: सेधा (sedhā), साही (sāhī), सेही (sehī)

Declension

Declension of श्वाविध् (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	श्वाविध् śvāvidh	श्वाविध् śvāvidh
oblique	श्वाविध् śvāvidh	श्वाविधों śvāvidhõ
vocative	श्वाविध् śvāvidh	श्वाविधो śvāvidho

Further reading

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “श्वाविध्”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শ্বাৱিধ্ (Assamese script)
• ᬰ᭄ᬯᬵᬯᬶᬥ᭄ (Balinese script)
• শ্বাবিধ্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰿𑰪𑰯𑰪𑰰𑰠𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑁆𑀯𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀥𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ၐွာဝိဓ် (Burmese script)
• શ્વાવિધ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼੍ਵਾਵਿਧ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌵𑌿𑌧𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦯ꧀ꦮꦴꦮꦶꦣ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂹𑂫𑂰𑂫𑂱𑂡𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಶ್ವಾವಿಧ್ (Kannada script)
• ឝ្វាវិធ៑ (Khmer script)
• ຨ຺ວາວິຘ຺ (Lao script)
• ശ്വാവിധ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠣᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠸᡳᢡ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘿𑘪𑘰𑘪𑘱𑘠𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠱᢦ᠎ᠠᠸᠢᢑᠾ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧠𑧊𑧑𑧊𑧒𑧀𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑑂𑐰𑐵𑐰𑐶𑐢𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଶ୍ଵାଵିଧ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢯ꣄ꢮꢵꢮꢶꢤ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑇀𑆮𑆳𑆮𑆴𑆣𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖿𑖪𑖯𑖪𑖰𑖠𑖿 (Siddham script)
• ශ‍්වාවිධ් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿 𑪙𑩾𑩛𑩾𑩑𑩮 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚶𑚦𑚭𑚦𑚮𑚜𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஶ்வாவித்⁴ (Tamil script)
• శ్వావిధ్ (Telugu script)
• ศฺวาวิธฺ (Thai script)
• ཤྭཱ་ཝི་དྷ྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑓂𑒫𑒰𑒫𑒱𑒡𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑩇𑨭𑨊𑨭𑨁𑨜𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śwaHwídʰ-, from *śwá (“dog”) + *Hwídʰ- (“piercing, perforating, wounding”), from the zero grades of Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”) and *h₁weydʰh₁- respectively. Literally "dog-piercer". See also व्यध् (vyadh, “to pierce, hurt”, root). The constituent components are श्वन् (śvan, “dog”) +‎ व्यध् (vyadh, “to pierce”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕʋɑː.ʋídʱ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕʋɑː.ʋid̪ʱ/

Noun

श्वाविध् • (śvāvídh) stem, m

1. a porcupine
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 5.13.9:

     कर्णा श्वावित् तद् अब्रवीद् गिरेर् अवचरन्तिका ।
     याः काश् चेमाः खनित्रिमास् तासाम् अरसतमं विषम् ॥

     karṇā śvāvit tad abravīd girer avacarantikā.
     yāḥ kāś cemāḥ khanitrimās tāsām arasatamaṃ viṣam.

     Dwelling beside the mountain's slope, the quick-eared porcupine exclaimed:
     The poison which is in all these she-snakes homed in earth is most powerless.

Declension

Masculine root-stem declension of श्वाविध् (śvāvídh)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	श्वावित् śvāvít	श्वाविधौ / श्वाविधा¹ śvāvídhau / śvāvídhā¹	श्वाविधः śvāvídhaḥ
Vocative	श्वावित् śvā́vit	श्वाविधौ / श्वाविधा¹ śvā́vidhau / śvā́vidhā¹	श्वाविधः śvā́vidhaḥ
Accusative	श्वाविधम् śvāvídham	श्वाविधौ / श्वाविधा¹ śvāvídhau / śvāvídhā¹	श्वाविधः śvāvídhaḥ
Instrumental	श्वाविधा śvāvídhā	श्वाविद्भ्याम् śvāvídbhyām	श्वाविद्भिः śvāvídbhiḥ
Dative	श्वाविधे śvāvídhe	श्वाविद्भ्याम् śvāvídbhyām	श्वाविद्भ्यः śvāvídbhyaḥ
Ablative	श्वाविधः śvāvídhaḥ	श्वाविद्भ्याम् śvāvídbhyām	श्वाविद्भ्यः śvāvídbhyaḥ
Genitive	श्वाविधः śvāvídhaḥ	श्वाविधोः śvāvídhoḥ	श्वाविधाम् śvāvídhām
Locative	श्वाविधि śvāvídhi	श्वाविधोः śvāvídhoḥ	श्वावित्सु śvāvítsu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• श्वाविच्छरण (śvāviccharaṇa, “porcupine's lair”)
• श्वाविच्छललित (śvāvicchalalita, “furnished with porcupine quills”)
• श्वाविद्गर्त (śvāvidgarta, “porcupine's lair”)
• श्वाविद्रोमन् (śvāvidroman, “quill of a porcupine”)
• श्वाविल्लोमन् (śvāvilloman, “quill of a porcupine”)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kalasha: šu
  • Khowar: شُو (šu)
• Pali: sāmi
• Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀯𑀺𑀳 (sāviha)
  • Magadhi Prakrit:
    • Odia: ସାଇଁ (sāĩ)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Gujarati: શાહુડી (śāhuḍī)
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: साही (sāhī)

      Urdu: ساہی (sāhī)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899) “श्वाविध्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1105, column 2.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “श्वाविध्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śvāvídh”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śvāvídh-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 678