शर्व
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- শৰ্ব (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬃᬯ (Balinese script)
- শর্ব (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰨𑰿𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀭𑁆𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- ၐရွ (Burmese script)
- શર્વ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਰ੍ਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑌰𑍍𑌵 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦂꦮ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂩𑂹𑂫 (Kaithi script)
- ಶರ್ವ (Kannada script)
- ឝវ៌ (Khmer script)
- ຨຣ຺ວ (Lao script)
- ശര്വ (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᠠᡵᠣᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘨𑘿𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠠᠷᢦ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧈𑧠𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐬𑑂𑐰 (Newa script)
- ଶର୍ଵ (Odia script)
- ꢯꢬ꣄ꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆫𑇀𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖨𑖿𑖪 (Siddham script)
- ශර්ව (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩼 𑪙𑩾 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚤𑚶𑚦 (Takri script)
- ஶர்வ (Tamil script)
- శర్వ (Telugu script)
- ศรฺว (Thai script)
- ཤ་རྭ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒩𑓂𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨫𑩇𑨭 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Ćarwás. Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (sauruua, name of a Daeva). The name is probably derived from the same root as शरु (śáru, “arrow”).[1][2] Lubotsky claims non-Indo-European origin[3] and connects Tocharian A śaru (“hunter”), Tocharian B śer(u)we (“hunter”)[4]
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]शर्व • (śarvá) stem, m
- the name of a manifestation of Rudra-Śiva in his fierce aspect, as a fierce deity who kills people with arrows; Śarva is considered in the Vedas, along with Paśupati, Bhava, and others, to be a name of Rudra
- c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) IV.5.5:
- नमो भवाय च रुद्राय च नमः शर्वाय च पशुपतये च
- namo bhavāya ca rudrāya ca namaḥ śarvāya ca paśupataye ca
- Homage to Bhava and to Rudra.
Homage to Śarva and to the lord of cattle.
- नमो भवाय च रुद्राय च नमः शर्वाय च पशुपतये च
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 6.93.1:
- यमो मृत्युरघमारो निर्ऋथो बभ्रुः शर्वोऽस्ता नीलशिखण्डः ।
देवजनाः सेनयोत्तस्थिवांसस्ते अस्माकं परि वृञ्जन्तु वीरान् ॥- yamo mṛtyuraghamāro nirṛtho babhruḥ śarvoʼstā nīlaśikhaṇḍaḥ.
devajanāḥ senayottasthivāṃsaste asmākaṃ pari vṛñjantu vīrān. - Yama, [who is] Death, direly fatal, the Destroyer, with his black crest, and Śarva the tawny archer,
And all the Gods uprisen with their army, may these on every side avoid [striking] our heroes.
- yamo mṛtyuraghamāro nirṛtho babhruḥ śarvoʼstā nīlaśikhaṇḍaḥ.
- यमो मृत्युरघमारो निर्ऋथो बभ्रुः शर्वोऽस्ता नीलशिखण्डः ।
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शर्वः (śarváḥ) | शर्वौ (śarvaú) शर्वा¹ (śarvā́¹) |
शर्वाः (śarvā́ḥ) शर्वासः¹ (śarvā́saḥ¹) |
| vocative | शर्व (śárva) | शर्वौ (śárvau) शर्वा¹ (śárvā¹) |
शर्वाः (śárvāḥ) शर्वासः¹ (śárvāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | शर्वम् (śarvám) | शर्वौ (śarvaú) शर्वा¹ (śarvā́¹) |
शर्वान् (śarvā́n) |
| instrumental | शर्वेण (śarvéṇa) | शर्वाभ्याम् (śarvā́bhyām) | शर्वैः (śarvaíḥ) शर्वेभिः¹ (śarvébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शर्वाय (śarvā́ya) | शर्वाभ्याम् (śarvā́bhyām) | शर्वेभ्यः (śarvébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शर्वात् (śarvā́t) | शर्वाभ्याम् (śarvā́bhyām) | शर्वेभ्यः (śarvébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शर्वस्य (śarvásya) | शर्वयोः (śarváyoḥ) | शर्वाणाम् (śarvā́ṇām) |
| locative | शर्वे (śarvé) | शर्वयोः (śarváyoḥ) | शर्वेषु (śarvéṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 621
- ^ Monier Williams (1899) “शर्व”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1057.
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations[2], Helsinki
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 446.