शफ

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শফ (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬨ (Balinese script)
• শফ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰣 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀨 (Brahmi script)
• ၐဖ (Burmese script)
• શફ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਫ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌫 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦦ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂤 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಫ (Kannada script)
• ឝផ (Khmer script)
• ຨຜ (Lao script)
• ശഫ (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠᡦᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘣 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᠹᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧃 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐦 (Newa script)
• ଶଫ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢧ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆦 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖣 (Siddham script)
• ශඵ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩱 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚟 (Takri script)
• ஶப² (Tamil script)
• శఫ (Telugu script)
• ศผ (Thai script)
• ཤ་ཕ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒤 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨟 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćapʰás (“hoof”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós (“hoof”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬀 (safa, “hoof”), Old English hōf (whence English hoof).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ.pʰɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ.pʰɐ/

Noun

शफ • (śaphá) stem, m

1. hoof
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.83.5:

     यस्य॑ व्र॒ते पृ॑थि॒वी नन्न॑मीति॒ यस्य॑ व्र॒ते श॒फव॒ज्जर्भु॑रीति ।
     यस्य॑ व्र॒त ओष॑धीर्वि॒श्वरू॑पाः॒ स नः॑ पर्जन्य॒ महि॒ शर्म॑ यच्छ ॥

     yásya vraté pṛthivī́ nánnamīti yásya vraté śaphávajjárbhurīti.
     yásya vratá óṣadhīrviśvárūpāḥ sá naḥ parjanya máhi śárma yaccha.

     Thou at whose bidding earth bows low before thee, at whose command hoofed cattle quiver in terror
     At whose behest the plants assume all colours, even thou Parjanya, yield us great protection.

2. claw
3. a wooden implement shaped like a claw

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शफ

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शफः (śapháḥ)	शफौ (śaphaú) शफा¹ (śaphā́¹)	शफाः (śaphā́ḥ) शफासः¹ (śaphā́saḥ¹)
vocative	शफ (śápha)	शफौ (śáphau) शफा¹ (śáphā¹)	शफाः (śáphāḥ) शफासः¹ (śáphāsaḥ¹)
accusative	शफम् (śaphám)	शफौ (śaphaú) शफा¹ (śaphā́¹)	शफान् (śaphā́n)
instrumental	शफेन (śaphéna)	शफाभ्याम् (śaphā́bhyām)	शफैः (śaphaíḥ) शफेभिः¹ (śaphébhiḥ¹)
dative	शफाय (śaphā́ya)	शफाभ्याम् (śaphā́bhyām)	शफेभ्यः (śaphébhyaḥ)
ablative	शफात् (śaphā́t)	शफाभ्याम् (śaphā́bhyām)	शफेभ्यः (śaphébhyaḥ)
genitive	शफस्य (śaphásya)	शफयोः (śapháyoḥ)	शफानाम् (śaphā́nām)
locative	शफे (śaphé)	शफयोः (śapháyoḥ)	शफेषु (śaphéṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: sapha

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शफ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1052, column 1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 608