व्यवहार

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit व्यवहार (vyavahāra).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʋjəʋ.ɦɑːɾ/, [ʋjɐʋ.ɦäːɾ]

Noun

व्यवहार • (vyavhār) m (Urdu spelling ويوهار)

1. behavior, treatment

   हमें उनके संतोषजनक व्यवहार के बारे में कोई उलहना नहीं है।

   hamẽ unke santoṣajnak vyavhār ke bāre mẽ koī ulahnā nahī̃ hai.

   We have no complaint about their satisfactory behavior.

   सेवकों और बच्चों से अच्छा व्यवहार करना चाहिए।

   sevkõ aur baccõ se acchā vyavhār karnā cāhie.

   Servants and children should be treated well.

2. dealings

   हमारा उनसे किसी तरह का व्यवहार नहीं है।

   hamārā unse kisī tarah kā vyavhār nahī̃ hai.

   We have no dealings of any kind with them.

3. usage

   यदि तुम इतना बुद्धिमान हो, तो अपनी बुद्धि को व्यवहार में लाओ!

   yadi tum itnā buddhimān ho, to apnī buddhi ko vyavhār mẽ lāo!

   If you are so smart, put your intelligence to use!

Declension

Declension of व्यवहार (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	व्यवहार vyavhār	व्यवहार vyavhār
oblique	व्यवहार vyavhār	व्यवहारों vyavhārõ
vocative	व्यवहार vyavhār	व्यवहारो vyavhāro

Synonyms

• सलूक (salūk)
• बरताव (bartāv)
• सलीखा (salīkhā)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “व्यवहार”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit व्यवहार (vyavahāra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋjə.ʋʱaɾ/

Noun

व्यवहार • (vyavhār) m

1. practical life
2. dealing, trade, commerce

Declension

Declension of व्यवहार (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	व्यवहार vyavhār
direct plural	व्यवहार vyavhār
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	व्यवहार vyavhār		व्यवहार vyavhār
oblique सामान्यरूप	व्यवहारा vyavhārā		व्यवहारां- vyavhārān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	व्यवहाराला vyavhārālā		व्यवहारांना vyavhārānnā
ergative	व्यवहाराने, व्यवहारानं vyavhārāne, vyavhārāna		व्यवहारांनी vyavhārānnī
instrumental	व्यवहाराशी vyavhārāśī		व्यवहारांशी vyavhārānśī
locative सप्तमी	व्यवहारात vyavhārāt		व्यवहारांत vyavhārāt
vocative संबोधन	व्यवहारा vyavhārā		व्यवहारांनो vyavhārānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of व्यवहार (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	व्यवहाराचा vyavhārāċā	व्यवहाराचे vyavhārāċe	व्यवहाराची vyavhārācī	व्यवहाराच्या vyavhārācā	व्यवहाराचे, व्यवहाराचं vyavhārāċe, vyavhārāċa	व्यवहाराची vyavhārācī	व्यवहाराच्या vyavhārācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	व्यवहारांचा vyavhārānċā	व्यवहारांचे vyavhārānċe	व्यवहारांची vyavhārāñcī	व्यवहारांच्या vyavhārāncā	व्यवहारांचे, व्यवहारांचं vyavhārānċe, vyavhārānċa	व्यवहारांची vyavhārāñcī	व्यवहारांच्या vyavhārāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• गैरव्यवहार (gairavyavhār, “malfeasance”)
• व्यावहारिक (vyāvhārik)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “व्यवहार”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “व्यवहार”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “व्यवहार”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “व्यवहार”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱ্যৱহাৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬯ᭄ᬬᬯᬳᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
• ব্যবহার (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰿𑰧𑰪𑰮𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑁆𑀬𑀯𑀳𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ဝျဝဟာရ (Burmese script)
• વ્યવહાર (Gujarati script)
• ਵ੍ਯਵਹਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑍍𑌯𑌵𑌹𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦾꦮꦲꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑂹𑂨𑂫𑂯𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ವ್ಯವಹಾರ (Kannada script)
• វ្យវហារ (Khmer script)
• ວ຺ຍວຫາຣ (Lao script)
• വ്യവഹാര (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᠶᠠᠸᠠᡥᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘿𑘧𑘪𑘮𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠶ᠋ᠠᠸᠠᠾᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧠𑧇𑧊𑧎𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑑂𑐫𑐰𑐴𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଵ୍ଯଵହାର (Odia script)
• ꢮ꣄ꢫꢮꢲꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑇀𑆪𑆮𑆲𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖿𑖧𑖪𑖮𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
• ව්‍යවහාර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾 𑪙𑩻𑩾𑪂𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚶𑚣𑚦𑚩𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
• வ்யவஹார (Tamil script)
• వ్యవహార (Telugu script)
• วฺยวหาร (Thai script)
• ཝྱ་ཝ་ཧཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑓂𑒨𑒫𑒯𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑩇𑨪𑨭𑨱𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From वि- (vi-) +‎ -अव- (-ava-) +‎ √हृ (√hṛ, “to take; to carry”, root) +‎ -अ (-a, nominalization suffix) with vṛddhi of the root.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋjɐ.ʋɐˈɦɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

व्यवहार • (vyavahāra) stem, m

1. doing; conduct; behaviour
2. dealing; business; trade; transaction
3. custom; common or established practice; wont
   • c. 150 CE – 250 CE, Nāgārjuna, Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 24.10:

     व्यवहारम् अनाश्रित्य परमार्थो न देश्यते ।

     vyavahāram anāśritya paramārtho na deśyate.

     Having no recourse to common practice, the highest truth cannot be made clear.

4. affair; matter
5. usage (of an expression)

   तैर् एव व्यवहारः ― tair eva vyavahāraḥ ― "just about these is the question"; "the discussion is all about these"

6. legal procedure; litigation

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of व्यवहार (vyavahāra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	व्यवहारः vyavahāraḥ	व्यवहारौ / व्यवहारा¹ vyavahārau / vyavahārā¹	व्यवहाराः / व्यवहारासः¹ vyavahārāḥ / vyavahārāsaḥ¹
Vocative	व्यवहार vyavahāra	व्यवहारौ / व्यवहारा¹ vyavahārau / vyavahārā¹	व्यवहाराः / व्यवहारासः¹ vyavahārāḥ / vyavahārāsaḥ¹
Accusative	व्यवहारम् vyavahāram	व्यवहारौ / व्यवहारा¹ vyavahārau / vyavahārā¹	व्यवहारान् vyavahārān
Instrumental	व्यवहारेण vyavahāreṇa	व्यवहाराभ्याम् vyavahārābhyām	व्यवहारैः / व्यवहारेभिः¹ vyavahāraiḥ / vyavahārebhiḥ¹
Dative	व्यवहाराय vyavahārāya	व्यवहाराभ्याम् vyavahārābhyām	व्यवहारेभ्यः vyavahārebhyaḥ
Ablative	व्यवहारात् vyavahārāt	व्यवहाराभ्याम् vyavahārābhyām	व्यवहारेभ्यः vyavahārebhyaḥ
Genitive	व्यवहारस्य vyavahārasya	व्यवहारयोः vyavahārayoḥ	व्यवहाराणाम् vyavahārāṇām
Locative	व्यवहारे vyavahāre	व्यवहारयोः vyavahārayoḥ	व्यवहारेषु vyavahāreṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• → Hindi: व्यवहार (vyavhār) (learned)
• → Tamil: விவகாரம் (vivakāram)

References

• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “व्यवहारः”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Monier Williams (1899) “Vy-avahāra”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1034/1.