वच्यते

Sanskrit

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *waćyátay, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wačyátay, from Proto-Indo-European *wn̥k-yé-tor, innovative zero-grade ye-passive of *wenk- (“to bend”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋɐt͡ɕ.jɐ́.tɐj/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈʋɐt͡ɕ.jɐ.t̪eː/

Verb

वच्यते • (vacyáte) third-singular indicative (passive, root वञ्च्)

1. passive of वञ्च् (vañc)

Conjugation

Present: वच्यते (vacyáte)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	वच्यते vacyáte	वच्येते vacyéte	वच्यन्ते vacyánte
Second	- -	- -	- -	वच्यसे vacyáse	वच्येथे vacyéthe	वच्यध्वे vacyádhve
First	- -	- -	- -	वच्ये vacyé	वच्यावहे vacyā́vahe	वच्यामहे vacyā́mahe
Imperative
Third	- -	- -	- -	वच्यताम् vacyátām	वच्येताम् vacyétām	वच्यन्ताम् vacyántām
Second	- -	- -	- -	वच्यस्व vacyásva	वच्येथाम् vacyéthām	वच्यध्वम् vacyádhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	वच्यै vacyaí	वच्यावहै vacyā́vahai	वच्यामहै vacyā́mahai
Optative/Potential
Third	- -	- -	- -	वच्येत vacyéta	वच्येयाताम् vacyéyātām	वच्येरन् vacyéran
Second	- -	- -	- -	वच्येथाः vacyéthāḥ	वच्येयाथाम् vacyéyāthām	वच्येध्वम् vacyédhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	वच्येय vacyéya	वच्येवहि vacyévahi	वच्येमहि vacyémahi
Subjunctive
Third	- -	- -	- -	वच्याते / वच्यातै vacyā́te / vacyā́tai	वच्यैते vacyaíte	वच्यन्त / वच्यान्तै vacyánta / vacyā́ntai
Second	- -	- -	- -	वच्यासे / वच्यासै vacyā́se / vacyā́sai	वच्यैथे vacyaíthe	वच्याध्वै vacyā́dhvai
First	- -	- -	- -	वच्यै vacyaí	वच्यावहै vacyā́vahai	वच्यामहै vacyā́mahai
Participles
	- -			वच्यमान vacyámāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.

Imperfect: अवच्यत (ávacyata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	अवच्यत ávacyata	अवच्येताम् ávacyetām	अवच्यन्त ávacyanta
Second	- -	- -	- -	अवच्यथाः ávacyathāḥ	अवच्येथाम् ávacyethām	अवच्यध्वम् ávacyadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	अवच्ये ávacye	अवच्यावहि ávacyāvahi	अवच्यामहि ávacyāmahi

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀤𑀺 (vaccadi), 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀇 (vaccaï)
  • Dardic:
    • Kalami: [script needed] (bač, “to go”)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀇 (vaccaï)
    • Assamese: বাচিব (basibo, “to escape, be saved”), বাচ (bas)
    • Maithili: बचब (bacaba), बचाब (bacāba, “to escape, be saved”)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀇 (vaccaï)
    • Marathi: वाचणे (vācṇe, “to be saved”)
  • Konkani: वच्चे (vacce, “to go”)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀤𑀺 (vaccadi)
    • Garhwali: बच्णु (bacṇu)
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: बचना (bacnā, “to escape, be saved”)

      Urdu: بچنا (bacnā, “to escape, be saved”)

  • Takka Apabhramsa:
    • Punjabi: ਬਚਣਾ (bacṇā, “to escape, be saved”)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “váñcati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press