मुखसुख

Hindi

FWOTD – 3 February 2025

Alternative forms

• मुख-सुख (mukh-sukh)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मुखसुख (mukhasukha). By surface analysis, मुख (mukh, “mouth”) +‎ सुख (sukh, “ease, comfort”). Literally, “mouth's comfort”.

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /mʊkʰ.sʊkʰ/
• Rhymes: -ʊkʰ
• Hyphenation: मुख‧सुख

Noun

मुखसुख • (mukhsukh) m

1. ease of pronunciation, economy of effort (in pronunciation)
   • 2008 [1999], Hardev Bahri, बृहत् शिक्षार्थी अंग्रेज़ी-हिन्दी शब्दकोश [Advanced Learner's English-Hindi Dictionary], Rajpal & Sons, →ISBN, भूमिका [Preface], page चौबीस-पच्चीस:

     debt और comb में b का लोप कभी मुखसुख के नाते हो गया।

     debt aur comb mẽ b kā lop kabhī mukhsukh ke nāte ho gayā.

     The 'b' in 'debt' and 'comb' got elided at some point due to phonetic ease.

   • 2020 February 12, @drsureshpant, Twitter‎^[1], archived from the original on 11 July 2024:

     एक भूल हिंदी में बढ़ने लगी है। मुखसुख या लाघव के लालच में लोग "निम्नलिखित" के लिए केवल "निम्न" का प्रयोग कर रहे हैं। निम्न का अर्थ है- नीचे, गहरा, नीचे की ओर, नीच, निचले दर्ज़े का। तब "निम्न उपाय..", "निम्न व्यक्ति .." जैसे प्रयोग क्या अर्थ संकेत करेंगे ?
     यह चिंतनीय है।

     ek bhūl hindī mẽ baṛhne lagī hai. mukhsukh yā lāghav ke lālac mẽ log "nimnalikhit" ke lie keval "nimna" kā prayog kar rahe ha͠i. nimna kā arth hai- nīce, gahrā, nīce kī or, nīc, nicle darze kā. tab "nimna upāy..", "nimna vyakti .." jaise prayog kyā arth saṅket kareṅge ?
     yah cintnīya hai.

     One mistake has been increasing in Hindi. Allured by ease of pronunciation or shortness [of the word], people are using just nimna for nimnalikhit (“written below, following”). nimna means - below, deep, lower, petty, of lower rank. Therefore, what would uses like "nimna measure", "nimna person" etc indicate?
     This is contemplatable.

   • 1963, R. L. Singh, भाषा-दर्शन‎^[2], page 278:

     कभी कभी सावर्णीकरण की प्रक्रिया में मुखसुख के कारण महाप्राणीकरण नामक ध्वनिविकार उत्पन्न हो जाता है।
     जैसे, विभूत का भभूत।

     kabhī kabhī sāvarṇīkraṇ kī prakriyā mẽ mukhsukh ke kāraṇ mahāprāṇīkaraṇ nāmak dhvanivikār utpann ho jātā hai.
     jaise, vibhūt kā bhabhūt.

     Sometimes, in the process of assimilation a sound change called aspirationization arises due to ease of pronunciation.
     E.g., [the change] of vibhūta [into] bhabhūt.

   • 1984, Amarnath Sinha, भारतीय काव्य-चिन्तन में शब्द‎^[3], Anupam Prakashan, page 177:

     वर्णागम (और वैसे ही वर्णलोप) उच्चारण में, प्रयत्नलाघव अथवा मुखसुख का परिणाम होता है।

     varṇāgam (aur vaise hī varṇalop) uccāraṇ mẽ, prayatnalāghav athvā mukhsukh kā pariṇām hotā hai.

     Epenthesis (and in the same manner, elision) is the result of economy of effort or phonetic ease in pronunciation.

Declension

Declension of मुखसुख (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मुखसुख mukhsukh	मुखसुख mukhsukh
oblique	मुखसुख mukhsukh	मुखसुखों mukhsukhõ
vocative	मुखसुख mukhsukh	मुखसुखो mukhsukho

References

• Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “मुख”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 607
• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “मुखसुख”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 3958
• Verma, Shyam Bahadur (2010) “मुख-सुख”, in प्रभात बृहत् हिन्दी शब्दकोश (in Hindi), volume 2, New Delhi: Prabhat Prakashan, →ISBN, page 2007

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• মুখসুখ (Assamese script)
• ᬫᬸᬔᬲᬸᬔ (Balinese script)
• মুখসুখ (Bengali script)
• 𑰦𑰲𑰏𑰭𑰲𑰏 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀫𑀼𑀔𑀲𑀼𑀔 (Brahmi script)
• မုခသုခ (Burmese script)
• મુખસુખ (Gujarati script)
• ਮੁਖਸੁਖ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌮𑍁𑌖𑌸𑍁𑌖 (Grantha script)
• ꦩꦸꦑꦱꦸꦑ (Javanese script)
• 𑂧𑂳𑂎𑂮𑂳𑂎 (Kaithi script)
• ಮುಖಸುಖ (Kannada script)
• មុខសុខ (Khmer script)
• ມຸຂສຸຂ (Lao script)
• മുഖസുഖ (Malayalam script)
• ᠮᡠᡘᠠᠰ᠌ᡠᡘᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘦𑘳𑘏𑘭𑘳𑘏 (Modi script)
• ᠮᠤᠻᠠᠰᠤᠻᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧆𑧔𑦯𑧍𑧔𑦯 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐩𑐸𑐏𑐳𑐸𑐏 (Newa script)
• ମୁଖସୁଖ (Odia script)
• ꢪꢸꢓꢱꢸꢓ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆩𑆶𑆒𑆱𑆶𑆒 (Sharada script)
• 𑖦𑖲𑖏𑖭𑖲𑖏 (Siddham script)
• මුඛසුඛ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩴𑩒𑩝𑪁𑩒𑩝 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚢𑚰𑚋𑚨𑚰𑚋 (Takri script)
• முக²ஸுக² (Tamil script)
• ముఖసుఖ (Telugu script)
• มุขสุข (Thai script)
• མུ་ཁ་སུ་ཁ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒧𑒳𑒐𑒮𑒳𑒐 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨢𑨃𑨌𑨰𑨃𑨌 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From मुख (mukha, “mouth”) +‎ सुख (sukha, “ease, comfort”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /mu.kʰɐ.su.kʰɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /mu.kʰɐ.s̪u.kʰɐ/

Noun

मुखसुख • (mukhasukha) stem, m

1. facility in pronunciation, phonetic ease

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मुखसुख

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	मुखसुखः (mukhasukhaḥ)	मुखसुखौ (mukhasukhau) मुखसुखा¹ (mukhasukhā¹)	मुखसुखाः (mukhasukhāḥ) मुखसुखासः¹ (mukhasukhāsaḥ¹)
vocative	मुखसुख (mukhasukha)	मुखसुखौ (mukhasukhau) मुखसुखा¹ (mukhasukhā¹)	मुखसुखाः (mukhasukhāḥ) मुखसुखासः¹ (mukhasukhāsaḥ¹)
accusative	मुखसुखम् (mukhasukham)	मुखसुखौ (mukhasukhau) मुखसुखा¹ (mukhasukhā¹)	मुखसुखान् (mukhasukhān)
instrumental	मुखसुखेन (mukhasukhena)	मुखसुखाभ्याम् (mukhasukhābhyām)	मुखसुखैः (mukhasukhaiḥ) मुखसुखेभिः¹ (mukhasukhebhiḥ¹)
dative	मुखसुखाय (mukhasukhāya)	मुखसुखाभ्याम् (mukhasukhābhyām)	मुखसुखेभ्यः (mukhasukhebhyaḥ)
ablative	मुखसुखात् (mukhasukhāt)	मुखसुखाभ्याम् (mukhasukhābhyām)	मुखसुखेभ्यः (mukhasukhebhyaḥ)
genitive	मुखसुखस्य (mukhasukhasya)	मुखसुखयोः (mukhasukhayoḥ)	मुखसुखानाम् (mukhasukhānām)
locative	मुखसुखे (mukhasukhe)	मुखसुखयोः (mukhasukhayoḥ)	मुखसुखेषु (mukhasukheṣu)

• ¹Vedic

References

• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “मुखम्”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 1275
• Monier Williams (1899) “मुखसुख”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 820.