भर्तृ

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ভৰ্তৃ (Assamese script)
• ᬪᬃᬢᬺ (Balinese script)
• ভর্তৃ (Bengali script)
• 𑰥𑰨𑰿𑰝𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀪𑀭𑁆𑀢𑀾 (Brahmi script)
• ဘရ်္တၖ (Burmese script)
• ભર્તૃ (Gujarati script)
• ਭਰ੍ਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌭𑌰𑍍𑌤𑍃 (Grantha script)
• ꦨꦂꦠꦽ (Javanese script)
• 𑂦𑂩𑂹𑂞𑃂 (Kaithi script)
• ಭರ್ತೃ (Kannada script)
• ភត៌្ឫ (Khmer script)
• ຠຣ຺ຕ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
• ഭര്തൃ (Malayalam script)
• ᢨᠠᡵᢠᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘥𑘨𑘿𑘝𑘵 (Modi script)
• ᠪᠾᠠᠷᢐᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧅𑧈𑧠𑦽𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐨𑐬𑑂𑐟𑐺 (Newa script)
• ଭର୍ତୃ (Odia script)
• ꢩꢬ꣄ꢡꢺ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆨𑆫𑇀𑆠𑆸 (Sharada script)
• 𑖥𑖨𑖿𑖝𑖴 (Siddham script)
• භර්‍තෘ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩳𑩼 𑪙𑩫𑩙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚡𑚤𑚶𑚙 (Takri script)
• ப⁴ர்த்ரி (Tamil script)
• భర్తృ (Telugu script)
• ภรฺตฺฤ (Thai script)
• བྷ་རྟྲྀ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒦𑒩𑓂𑒞𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨡𑨫𑩇𑨙𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰártā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰártā (see below).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /bʱɐ́ɾ.tr̩/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈbʱɐɾ.t̪r̩/

Noun

भर्तृ • (bhártṛ) stem, m (root भृ)

1. husband
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.58.7:

     प्रथिष्ट यामन्पृथिवी चिदेषां भर्तेव गर्भं स्वमिच्छवो धुः ।
     वातान्ह्यश्वान्धुर्यायुयुज्रे वर्षं स्वेदं चक्रिरे रुद्रियासः ॥

     prathiṣṭa yāmanpṛthivī cideṣāṃ bharteva garbhaṃ svamicchavo dhuḥ.
     vātānhyaśvāndhuryāyuyujre varṣaṃ svedaṃ cakrire rudriyāsaḥ.

     Even Earth hath spread herself wide at their coming, and they as husbands have with power impregned her.
     They to the pole have yoked the winds for coursers: their sweat have they made rain, these Sons of Rudra.

   • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata

Declension

Masculine ṛ-stem declension of भर्तृ (bhártṛ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	भर्ता bhártā	भर्तारौ / भर्तारा¹ bhártārau / bhártārā¹	भर्तारः bhártāraḥ
Vocative	भर्तः bhártaḥ	भर्तारौ / भर्तारा¹ bhártārau / bhártārā¹	भर्तारः bhártāraḥ
Accusative	भर्तारम् bhártāram	भर्तारौ / भर्तारा¹ bhártārau / bhártārā¹	भर्तॄन् bhártṝn
Instrumental	भर्त्रा bhártrā	भर्तृभ्याम् bhártṛbhyām	भर्तृभिः bhártṛbhiḥ
Dative	भर्त्रे bhártre	भर्तृभ्याम् bhártṛbhyām	भर्तृभ्यः bhártṛbhyaḥ
Ablative	भर्तुः bhártuḥ	भर्तृभ्याम् bhártṛbhyām	भर्तृभ्यः bhártṛbhyaḥ
Genitive	भर्तुः bhártuḥ	भर्त्रोः bhártroḥ	भर्तॄणाम् bhártṝṇām
Locative	भर्तरि bhártari	भर्त्रोः bhártroḥ	भर्तृषु bhártṛṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Kalasha: berú
• Old Gujarati: भरतार (bharatāra)
  • Gujarati: ભરતાર (bhartār)
• Hindi: भतार (bhatār)
• Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Assamese: ভতাৰ (bhotar)
  • Kamta: ভাতাৰ (bhatar)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼 (bhattu)
• Old Marathi: 𑘥𑘨𑘿𑘝𑘰𑘨 (bhartāra), 𑘥𑘰𑘝𑘰𑘨 (bhātāra)
• Pali: bhattar
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਭੱਤਾਰ (bhattār) (uncommon, poetic)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀼 (bhattu)
• Sindhi: ڀَتَارُ / भतारु

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰartā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰartā́, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). Cognate with Latin fertor.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /bʱɐɾ.tŕ̩/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈbʱɐɾ.t̪r̩/

Noun

भर्तृ • (bhartṛ́) stem, m (root भृ)

1. bearer
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
2. preserver, nourisher, master
   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda

Declension

Masculine ṛ-stem declension of भर्तृ (bhartṛ́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	भर्ता bhartā́	भर्तारौ / भर्तारा¹ bhartā́rau / bhartā́rā¹	भर्तारः bhartā́raḥ
Vocative	भर्तः bhártaḥ	भर्तारौ / भर्तारा¹ bhártārau / bhártārā¹	भर्तारः bhártāraḥ
Accusative	भर्तारम् bhartā́ram	भर्तारौ / भर्तारा¹ bhartā́rau / bhartā́rā¹	भर्तॄन् bhartṝ́n
Instrumental	भर्त्रा bhartrā́	भर्तृभ्याम् bhartṛ́bhyām	भर्तृभिः bhartṛ́bhiḥ
Dative	भर्त्रे bhartré	भर्तृभ्याम् bhartṛ́bhyām	भर्तृभ्यः bhartṛ́bhyaḥ
Ablative	भर्तुः bhartúḥ	भर्तृभ्याम् bhartṛ́bhyām	भर्तृभ्यः bhartṛ́bhyaḥ
Genitive	भर्तुः bhartúḥ	भर्त्रोः bhartróḥ	भर्तॄणाम् bhartṝṇā́m
Locative	भर्तरि bhartári	भर्त्रोः bhartróḥ	भर्तृषु bhartṛ́ṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “भर्तृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 748.