प्रतिकार

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रतिकार (pratikāra), from प्रति (prati) +‎ कार (kāra).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /pɾə.t̪ɪ.kɑːɾ/, [pɾɐ.t̪ɪ.käːɾ]

Noun

प्रतिकार • (pratikār) m

1. (rare) revenge, retaliation, retribution

   Synonyms: बदला (badlā), प्रतिशोध (pratiśodh)

Declension

Declension of प्रतिकार (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	प्रतिकार pratikār	प्रतिकार pratikār
oblique	प्रतिकार pratikār	प्रतिकारों pratikārõ
vocative	प्रतिकार pratikār	प्रतिकारो pratikāro

Verb

प्रतिकार • (pratikār)

1. ward off
2. (archaic) to return

   Synonym: लौटना (lauṭnā)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “प्रतिकार”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit प्रतिकार (pratikāra), from प्रति (prati) +‎ कार (kāra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɾə.t̪i.kaɾ/

Noun

प्रतिकार • (pratikār) m

1. resistance
2. (formal, often dramatic) revenge, retaliation

   Synonyms: सूड (sūḍ), बदला (badlā)

Declension

Declension of प्रतिकार (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	प्रतिकार pratikār
direct plural	प्रतिकार pratikār
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	प्रतिकार pratikār		प्रतिकार pratikār
oblique सामान्यरूप	प्रतिकारा pratikārā		प्रतिकारां- pratikārān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	प्रतिकाराला pratikārālā		प्रतिकारांना pratikārānnā
ergative	प्रतिकाराने, प्रतिकारानं pratikārāne, pratikārāna		प्रतिकारांनी pratikārānnī
instrumental	प्रतिकाराशी pratikārāśī		प्रतिकारांशी pratikārānśī
locative सप्तमी	प्रतिकारात pratikārāt		प्रतिकारांत pratikārāt
vocative संबोधन	प्रतिकारा pratikārā		प्रतिकारांनो pratikārānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of प्रतिकार (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	प्रतिकाराचा pratikārāċā	प्रतिकाराचे pratikārāċe	प्रतिकाराची pratikārācī	प्रतिकाराच्या pratikārācā	प्रतिकाराचे, प्रतिकाराचं pratikārāċe, pratikārāċa	प्रतिकाराची pratikārācī	प्रतिकाराच्या pratikārācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	प्रतिकारांचा pratikārānċā	प्रतिकारांचे pratikārānċe	प्रतिकारांची pratikārāñcī	प्रतिकारांच्या pratikārāncā	प्रतिकारांचे, प्रतिकारांचं pratikārānċe, pratikārānċa	प्रतिकारांची pratikārāñcī	प्रतिकारांच्या pratikārāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “प्रतिकार”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Sanskrit

Etymology

From प्रति- (prati-, “against; concerning”) +‎ कार (kāra, “action”), literally “an act conducted in respect to, or against someone”.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɾɐ.ti.kɑː.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɾɐ.t̪iˈkɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

प्रतिकार • (pratikāra) stem, m

1. requital, compensation
2. resistance, opposition, obstruction
3. revenge, retaliation, retribution
4. help, remedy

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of प्रतिकार (pratikāra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	प्रतिकारः pratikāraḥ	प्रतिकारौ / प्रतिकारा¹ pratikārau / pratikārā¹	प्रतिकाराः / प्रतिकारासः¹ pratikārāḥ / pratikārāsaḥ¹
Vocative	प्रतिकार pratikāra	प्रतिकारौ / प्रतिकारा¹ pratikārau / pratikārā¹	प्रतिकाराः / प्रतिकारासः¹ pratikārāḥ / pratikārāsaḥ¹
Accusative	प्रतिकारम् pratikāram	प्रतिकारौ / प्रतिकारा¹ pratikārau / pratikārā¹	प्रतिकारान् pratikārān
Instrumental	प्रतिकारेण pratikāreṇa	प्रतिकाराभ्याम् pratikārābhyām	प्रतिकारैः / प्रतिकारेभिः¹ pratikāraiḥ / pratikārebhiḥ¹
Dative	प्रतिकाराय pratikārāya	प्रतिकाराभ्याम् pratikārābhyām	प्रतिकारेभ्यः pratikārebhyaḥ
Ablative	प्रतिकारात् pratikārāt	प्रतिकाराभ्याम् pratikārābhyām	प्रतिकारेभ्यः pratikārebhyaḥ
Genitive	प्रतिकारस्य pratikārasya	प्रतिकारयोः pratikārayoḥ	प्रतिकाराणाम् pratikārāṇām
Locative	प्रतिकारे pratikāre	प्रतिकारयोः pratikārayoḥ	प्रतिकारेषु pratikāreṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• → Hindi: प्रतिकार (pratikār)
• → Kannada: ಪ್ರತೀಕಾರ (pratīkāra)
• → Malayalam: പ്രതികാരം (pratikāraṁ)
• → Marathi: प्रतिकार (pratikār)
• → Telugu: ప్రతీకారము (pratīkāramu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “प्रतिकार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 664, column 1.