पाश

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /pɑːʃ/, [päːʃ]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian پاشیدن (pāšīdan).

Adjective

पाश • (pāś) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پاش)

1. (chiefly in compounds) scattered, broken into pieces

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पाश (pā́śa). Doublet of फाँस (phā̃s).

Noun

पाश • (pāś) m (Urdu spelling پاش)

1. noose
2. net, snare, clutches

Declension

Declension of पाश (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पाश pāś	पाश pāś
oblique	पाश pāś	पाशों pāśõ
vocative	पाश pāś	पाशो pāśo

Further reading

• Platts, John T. (1884) “पाश”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “पाश”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পাশ (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬵᬰ (Balinese script)
• পাশ (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰯𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀸𑀰 (Brahmi script)
• ပါၐ (Burmese script)
• પાશ (Gujarati script)
• ਪਾਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌾𑌶 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦴꦯ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂰𑂬 (Kaithi script)
• ಪಾಶ (Kannada script)
• បាឝ (Khmer script)
• ປາຨ (Lao script)
• പാശ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘰𑘫 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠᢗᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧑𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐵𑐱 (Newa script)
• ପାଶ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢵꢯ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆳𑆯 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖯𑖫 (Siddham script)
• පාශ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩛𑩿 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚭𑚧 (Takri script)
• பாஶ (Tamil script)
• పాశ (Telugu script)
• ปาศ (Thai script)
• པཱ་ཤ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒰𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨊𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *paHćás, from Proto-Indo-European *poh₂ḱ-ó-s, from *peh₂ḱ- (“to join, tie, fasten”). Cognate with Middle Persian pštk' (paštag, “bond”), Parthian [script needed] (pštg, “bound, fettered”), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀-𐬞𐬀𐬱𐬁𐬝 (auua-pašāt̰, 3rd person singular subjunctive), Proto-Germanic *fōgijaną (“to join together”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɑ́ː.ɕɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɑː.ɕɐ/

Noun

पाश • (pā́śa) stem, m

1. a noose, cord, bond, chain or a fetter; a snare, trap (literally and figuratively)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.88.7:

     ध्रुवासु त्वासु क्षितिषु क्षियन्तो व्य् अस्मत् पाशं वरुणो मुमोचत् ।
     अवो वन्वाना अदितेर् उपस्थाद् यूयं पात स्वस्तिभिः सदा नः ॥

     dhruvāsu tvāsu kṣitiṣu kṣiyanto vy asmat pāśaṃ varuṇo mumocat.
     avo vanvānā aditer upasthād yūyaṃ pāta svastibhiḥ sadā naḥ.

     While we abide in these fixed habitations, and from the lap of Aditi win favour,
     May Varuṇa untie the bond that binds us. Preserve us evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.

   1. (especially) the noose carried by Shiva, Yama or Varuna
2. anything that binds or fetters the soul; the outer world, nature
3. selvage, edge, border (of anything woven)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पाश

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पाशः (pā́śaḥ)	पाशौ (pā́śau) पाशा¹ (pā́śā¹)	पाशाः (pā́śāḥ) पाशासः¹ (pā́śāsaḥ¹)
vocative	पाश (pā́śa)	पाशौ (pā́śau) पाशा¹ (pā́śā¹)	पाशाः (pā́śāḥ) पाशासः¹ (pā́śāsaḥ¹)
accusative	पाशम् (pā́śam)	पाशौ (pā́śau) पाशा¹ (pā́śā¹)	पाशान् (pā́śān)
instrumental	पाशेन (pā́śena)	पाशाभ्याम् (pā́śābhyām)	पाशैः (pā́śaiḥ) पाशेभिः¹ (pā́śebhiḥ¹)
dative	पाशाय (pā́śāya)	पाशाभ्याम् (pā́śābhyām)	पाशेभ्यः (pā́śebhyaḥ)
ablative	पाशात् (pā́śāt)	पाशाभ्याम् (pā́śābhyām)	पाशेभ्यः (pā́śebhyaḥ)
genitive	पाशस्य (pā́śasya)	पाशयोः (pā́śayoḥ)	पाशानाम् (pā́śānām)
locative	पाशे (pā́śe)	पाशयोः (pā́śayoḥ)	पाशेषु (pā́śeṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀸𑀲 (pāsa)
• Pali: pāsa
• → Tamil: பாசம் (pācam)

Etymology 2

Sanskritized from Prakrit 𑀧𑀸𑀲 (pāsa, “dice”), from Sanskrit प्रास (prāsa, “throwing, casting”); related to प्रास्यति (prāsyati, “to throw, cast; to lay a wager”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɑː.ɕɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɑː.ɕɐ/

Noun

पाश • (pāśa) stem, m

1. a die, dice

   Synonym: प्रास (prāsa)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पाश

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पाशः (pāśaḥ)	पाशौ (pāśau) पाशा¹ (pāśā¹)	पाशाः (pāśāḥ) पाशासः¹ (pāśāsaḥ¹)
vocative	पाश (pāśa)	पाशौ (pāśau) पाशा¹ (pāśā¹)	पाशाः (pāśāḥ) पाशासः¹ (pāśāsaḥ¹)
accusative	पाशम् (pāśam)	पाशौ (pāśau) पाशा¹ (pāśā¹)	पाशान् (pāśān)
instrumental	पाशेन (pāśena)	पाशाभ्याम् (pāśābhyām)	पाशैः (pāśaiḥ) पाशेभिः¹ (pāśebhiḥ¹)
dative	पाशाय (pāśāya)	पाशाभ्याम् (pāśābhyām)	पाशेभ्यः (pāśebhyaḥ)
ablative	पाशात् (pāśāt)	पाशाभ्याम् (pāśābhyām)	पाशेभ्यः (pāśebhyaḥ)
genitive	पाशस्य (pāśasya)	पाशयोः (pāśayoḥ)	पाशानाम् (pāśānām)
locative	पाशे (pāśe)	पाशयोः (pāśayoḥ)	पाशेषु (pāśeṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Further reading

• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “pāśa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Monier Williams (1899) “पाश”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 623.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pāśa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pā́śa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*pas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 299
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “pā́śa-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 125