परिहार

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit परिहार (parihāra).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /pə.ɾɪ.ɦɑːɾ/, [pɐ.ɾɪ.ɦäːɾ]

Noun

परिहार • (parihār) m

1. rectification, remedy
2. expiation

   Synonym: प्रायश्चित (prāyaścit)

3. avoidance, evasion
4. (rare) abstention, sacrifice

   Synonym: त्याग (tyāg)

5. (obsolete) disrespect, disregard

   Synonyms: अपमान (apmān), अवहेलना (avhelnā)

Declension

Declension of परिहार (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	परिहार parihār	परिहार parihār
oblique	परिहार parihār	परिहारों parihārõ
vocative	परिहार parihār	परिहारो parihāro

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “परिहार”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• Platts, John T. (1884) “परिहार”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit परिहार (parihāra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pə.ɾi.ɦaɾ/, [pə.ɾʱiːaɾ]

Noun

परिहार • (parihār) m

1. removal (of difficulties, troubles, accusations etc.)
2. avoidance

Declension

Declension of परिहार (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	परिहार parihār
direct plural	परिहार parihār
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	परिहार parihār		परिहार parihār
oblique सामान्यरूप	परिहारा parihārā		परिहारां- parihārān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	परिहाराला parihārālā		परिहारांना parihārānnā
ergative	परिहाराने, परिहारानं parihārāne, parihārāna		परिहारांनी parihārānnī
instrumental	परिहाराशी parihārāśī		परिहारांशी parihārānśī
locative सप्तमी	परिहारात parihārāt		परिहारांत parihārāt
vocative संबोधन	परिहारा parihārā		परिहारांनो parihārānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of परिहार (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	परिहाराचा parihārāċā	परिहाराचे parihārāċe	परिहाराची parihārācī	परिहाराच्या parihārācā	परिहाराचे, परिहाराचं parihārāċe, parihārāċa	परिहाराची parihārācī	परिहाराच्या parihārācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	परिहारांचा parihārānċā	परिहारांचे parihārānċe	परिहारांची parihārāñcī	परिहारांच्या parihārāncā	परिहारांचे, परिहारांचं parihārānċe, parihārānċa	परिहारांची parihārāñcī	परिहारांच्या parihārāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “परिहार”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Sanskrit

Etymology

Compound of परि (pari) +‎ हार (hāra), vṛddhi derivative of हर (hara), from the root हृ (hṛ).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ.ɾi.ɦɑː.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɐ.ɾiˈɦɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

परिहार • (parihāra) stem, m

1. shunning, avoiding
2. refuting, repelling
3. omission, omitting
4. concealment
5. contempt, disrespect
6. remedy, atonement
7. common land around a village or town

Verb

परिहार • (parihāra) third-singular indicative

1. to move, to carry
2. to remove, to take away

Descendants

• → Hindi: परिहार (parihār) (learned)
• → Kannada: ಪರಿಹಾರ (parihāra) (learned)
• → Malayalam: പരിഹാരം (parihāraṁ) (learned)
• → Marathi: परिहार (parihār) (learned)
• → Tamil: பரிகாரம் (parikāram) (learned)
• → Telugu: పరిహారము (parihāramu) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “परिहार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 604.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “párihāra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 445