दारुण
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
Adjective
[edit]दारुण
- Devanagari script form of dāruṇa (“firm”)
Declension
[edit]Declension table of "दारुण" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | दारुणो (dāruṇo) | दारुणा (dāruṇā) |
| Accusative (second) | दारुणं (dāruṇaṃ) | दारुणे (dāruṇe) |
| Instrumental (third) | दारुणेन (dāruṇena) | दारुणेहि (dāruṇehi) or दारुणेभि (dāruṇebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | दारुणस्स (dāruṇassa) or दारुणाय (dāruṇāya) or दारुणत्थं (dāruṇatthaṃ) | दारुणानं (dāruṇānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | दारुणस्मा (dāruṇasmā) or दारुणम्हा (dāruṇamhā) or दारुणा (dāruṇā) | दारुणेहि (dāruṇehi) or दारुणेभि (dāruṇebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | दारुणस्स (dāruṇassa) | दारुणानं (dāruṇānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | दारुणस्मिं (dāruṇasmiṃ) or दारुणम्हि (dāruṇamhi) or दारुणे (dāruṇe) | दारुणेसु (dāruṇesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | दारुण (dāruṇa) | दारुणा (dāruṇā) |
Declension table of "दारुण" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | दारुणं (dāruṇaṃ) | दारुणानि (dāruṇāni) |
| Accusative (second) | दारुणं (dāruṇaṃ) | दारुणानि (dāruṇāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | दारुणेन (dāruṇena) | दारुणेहि (dāruṇehi) or दारुणेभि (dāruṇebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | दारुणस्स (dāruṇassa) or दारुणाय (dāruṇāya) or दारुणत्थं (dāruṇatthaṃ) | दारुणानं (dāruṇānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | दारुणस्मा (dāruṇasmā) or दारुणम्हा (dāruṇamhā) or दारुणा (dāruṇā) | दारुणेहि (dāruṇehi) or दारुणेभि (dāruṇebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | दारुणस्स (dāruṇassa) | दारुणानं (dāruṇānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | दारुणस्मिं (dāruṇasmiṃ) or दारुणम्हि (dāruṇamhi) or दारुणे (dāruṇe) | दारुणेसु (dāruṇesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | दारुण (dāruṇa) | दारुणानि (dāruṇāni) |
Sanskrit
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From दारु (dāru, “wood”). Initially referred to the hardness and roughness of wood, later changing to mean the following emotional states and situations.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]दारुण • (dāruṇá, dā́ruṇa) stem
- hard, harsh (antonym of mṛdú)
- rough, sharp, severe, cruel, pitiless
- dreadful, frightful
- intense, violent
- ( in comp. or [ °am ] before a vb. to express excellence or superiority cf. g. [ kāṣṭhādi ] )
Noun
[edit]दारुण • (dāruṇa) stem, n
- harshness, severity, horror
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | दारुणम् (dāruṇam) | दारुणे (dāruṇe) | दारुणानि (dāruṇāni) दारुणा¹ (dāruṇā¹) |
| vocative | दारुण (dāruṇa) | दारुणे (dāruṇe) | दारुणानि (dāruṇāni) दारुणा¹ (dāruṇā¹) |
| accusative | दारुणम् (dāruṇam) | दारुणे (dāruṇe) | दारुणानि (dāruṇāni) दारुणा¹ (dāruṇā¹) |
| instrumental | दारुणेन (dāruṇena) | दारुणाभ्याम् (dāruṇābhyām) | दारुणैः (dāruṇaiḥ) दारुणेभिः¹ (dāruṇebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | दारुणाय (dāruṇāya) | दारुणाभ्याम् (dāruṇābhyām) | दारुणेभ्यः (dāruṇebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | दारुणात् (dāruṇāt) | दारुणाभ्याम् (dāruṇābhyām) | दारुणेभ्यः (dāruṇebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | दारुणस्य (dāruṇasya) | दारुणयोः (dāruṇayoḥ) | दारुणानाम् (dāruṇānām) |
| locative | दारुणे (dāruṇe) | दारुणयोः (dāruṇayoḥ) | दारुणेषु (dāruṇeṣu) |
- ¹Vedic