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जङ्घा

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

জঙ্ঘা (Assamese script)
ᬚᬗ᭄ᬖᬵ (Balinese script)
জঙ্ঘা (Bengali script)
𑰕𑰒𑰿𑰑𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀚𑀗𑁆𑀖𑀸 (Brahmi script)
ဇင်္ဃာ (Burmese script)
જઙ્ઘા (Gujarati script)
ਜਙ੍ਘਾ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌜𑌙𑍍𑌘𑌾 (Grantha script)
ꦗꦔ꧀ꦓꦴ (Javanese script)
𑂔𑂑𑂹𑂐𑂰 (Kaithi script)
ಜಙ್ಘಾ (Kannada script)
ជង្ឃា (Khmer script)
ຊງ຺ຆາ (Lao script)
ജങ്ഘാ (Malayalam script)
ᡯᠠᢛᢚᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
𑘕𑘒𑘿𑘑𑘰 (Modi script)
ᠽᠠᢊᠺᠾᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑦵𑦲𑧠𑦱𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
𑐖𑐒𑑂𑐑𑐵 (Newa script)
ଜଙ୍ଘା (Odia script)
ꢙꢖ꣄ꢕꢵ (Saurashtra script)
𑆘𑆕𑇀𑆔𑆳 (Sharada script)
𑖕𑖒𑖿𑖑𑖯 (Siddham script)
ජඞ‍්ඝා (Sinhalese script)
𑩣𑩠 𑪙𑩟𑩛 (Soyombo script)
𑚑𑚎𑚶𑚍𑚭 (Takri script)
ஜங்க⁴ா (Tamil script)
జఙ్ఘా (Telugu script)
ชงฺฆา (Thai script)
ཛ་ངྒྷཱ (Tibetan script)
𑒖𑒓𑓂𑒒𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
𑨥𑨏𑩇𑨎𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰángʰas

Sanskrit जङ्घा॑ (jáṅghā)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰángʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰángʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ-o-s.^[1] Compare Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬧𐬔𐬀 (zaṇga), Middle Persian [script needed] (zang).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ́ŋ.ɡʱɑː/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐŋ.ɡʱɑː/

Noun

जङ्घा॑ • (jáṅghā) stem, f (root जंह्) ^[2]

shank (part of the leg between the knee and ankle)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.116.15:
  च॒रित्रं॒ हि वेरि॒वाच्छे॑दि प॒र्णमा॒जा खे॒लस्य॒ परि॑तक्म्यायाम् ।
  स॒द्यो जङ्घा॒म्आय॑सीं वि॒श्पला॑यै॒ धने॑ हि॒ते सर्त॑वे॒ प्रत्य॑धत्तम् ॥
  carítraṃ hí vérivā́cchedi parṇámājā́ khelásya páritakmyāyām.
  sadyó jáṅghāmā́yasīṃ viśpálāyai dháne hité sártave prátyadhattam.
  When in the time of night, in Khela's battle, a leg was severed like a wild bird's pinion,
  Straight ye gave Vispala a leg of iron that she might move what time the conflict opened.

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of जङ्घा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	जङ्घा (jáṅghā)	जङ्घे (jáṅghe)	जङ्घाः (jáṅghāḥ)
vocative	जङ्घे (jáṅghe)	जङ्घे (jáṅghe)	जङ्घाः (jáṅghāḥ)
accusative	जङ्घाम् (jáṅghām)	जङ्घे (jáṅghe)	जङ्घाः (jáṅghāḥ)
instrumental	जङ्घया (jáṅghayā) जङ्घा¹ (jáṅghā¹)	जङ्घाभ्याम् (jáṅghābhyām)	जङ्घाभिः (jáṅghābhiḥ)
dative	जङ्घायै (jáṅghāyai)	जङ्घाभ्याम् (jáṅghābhyām)	जङ्घाभ्यः (jáṅghābhyaḥ)
ablative	जङ्घायाः (jáṅghāyāḥ) जङ्घायै² (jáṅghāyai²)	जङ्घाभ्याम् (jáṅghābhyām)	जङ्घाभ्यः (jáṅghābhyaḥ)
genitive	जङ्घायाः (jáṅghāyāḥ) जङ्घायै² (jáṅghāyai²)	जङ्घयोः (jáṅghayoḥ)	जङ्घानाम् (jáṅghānām)
locative	जङ्घायाम् (jáṅghāyām)	जङ्घयोः (jáṅghayoḥ)	जङ्घासु (jáṅghāsu)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: زَنٛگ (zang)
- Torwali: جان (ǰāṅ)
Pali: jaṅghā
Prakrit: 𑀚𑀁𑀖𑀸 (jaṃghā) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Monier Williams (1899) “जङ्घा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 409.

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