गर्दभ
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]- গৰ্দভ (Assamese script)
- ᬕᬃᬤᬪ (Balinese script)
- গর্দভ (Bengali script)
- 𑰐𑰨𑰿𑰟𑰥 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀤𑀪 (Brahmi script)
- ဂရ်္ဒဘ (Burmese script)
- ગર્દભ (Gujarati script)
- ਗਰ੍ਦਭ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌗𑌰𑍍𑌦𑌭 (Grantha script)
- ꦒꦂꦢꦨ (Javanese script)
- 𑂏𑂩𑂹𑂠𑂦 (Kaithi script)
- ಗರ್ದಭ (Kannada script)
- គទ៌ភ (Khmer script)
- ຄຣ຺ທຠ (Lao script)
- ഗര്ദഭ (Malayalam script)
- ᡤᠠᡵᡩᠠᢨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘐𑘨𑘿𑘟𑘥 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠠᠷᢑᠠᠪᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦰𑧈𑧠𑦿𑧅 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐐𑐬𑑂𑐡𑐨 (Newa script)
- ଗର୍ଦଭ (Odia script)
- ꢔꢬ꣄ꢣꢩ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆓𑆫𑇀𑆢𑆨 (Sharada script)
- 𑖐𑖨𑖿𑖟𑖥 (Siddham script)
- ගර්දභ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩞𑩼 𑪙𑩭𑩳 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚌𑚤𑚶𑚛𑚡 (Takri script)
- க³ர்த³ப⁴ (Tamil script)
- గర్దభ (Telugu script)
- ครฺทภ (Thai script)
- ག་རྡ་བྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒑𑒩𑓂𑒠𑒦 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨍𑨫𑩇𑨛𑨡 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Of unclear origin.
Perhaps a derivation from the possibly onomatopoeic root गर्द् (gard, “to cry”), with a suffix formed by analogy to the one in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha, “bull”).[1]
An alternative theory considers the word as a Dravidian borrowing, formed as *गर्द (garda) + an Indo-European animal suffix *भ (bha) as seen in ऋषभ (ṛṣabha) above; compare Tamil கழுதை (kaḻutai), Kuvi ଗା୕ଡ଼୍ଦେ (gāṛde), Duruwa [script needed] (garad).[2] However, the formal mismatch between the Dravidian and Sanskrit forms, the Sanskrit word's Vedic status, the gratuitous attachment of a bound suffix of supposed Indo-European origin to a loaned word, and the fact that donkeys were well-known to steppe tribes (including the Indo-Iranians), casts doubt on this derivation.[1][3]
Possibly related to Tocharian B kercapo (“donkey”), perhaps via a borrowing from Sanskrit to Tocharian, though further details are uncertain.[3]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]गर्दभ • (gardabhá) stem, m
Declension
[edit]| Masculine a-stem declension of गर्दभ (gardabhá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | गर्दभः gardabháḥ |
गर्दभौ / गर्दभा¹ gardabhaú / gardabhā́¹ |
गर्दभाः / गर्दभासः¹ gardabhā́ḥ / gardabhā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | गर्दभ gárdabha |
गर्दभौ / गर्दभा¹ gárdabhau / gárdabhā¹ |
गर्दभाः / गर्दभासः¹ gárdabhāḥ / gárdabhāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | गर्दभम् gardabhám |
गर्दभौ / गर्दभा¹ gardabhaú / gardabhā́¹ |
गर्दभान् gardabhā́n |
| Instrumental | गर्दभेन gardabhéna |
गर्दभाभ्याम् gardabhā́bhyām |
गर्दभैः / गर्दभेभिः¹ gardabhaíḥ / gardabhébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | गर्दभाय gardabhā́ya |
गर्दभाभ्याम् gardabhā́bhyām |
गर्दभेभ्यः gardabhébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | गर्दभात् gardabhā́t |
गर्दभाभ्याम् gardabhā́bhyām |
गर्दभेभ्यः gardabhébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | गर्दभस्य gardabhásya |
गर्दभयोः gardabháyoḥ |
गर्दभानाम् gardabhā́nām |
| Locative | गर्दभे gardabhé |
गर्दभयोः gardabháyoḥ |
गर्दभेषु gardabhéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Dardic:
- Khowar: گوردوغ (gordóġ)
- Pali: gadrabha
- Prakrit: 𑀕𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀳 (gaddaha) (see there for further descendants)
- → Bengali: গর্দভ (gordobh), গর্ধভ (gordhobh) (semi-learned)
- → Telugu: గర్దభము (gardabhamu)
- →? Proto-Tocharian: *kercäpā
- Tocharian B: kercapo
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “गर्दभ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 349/2.
- Apte, Macdonell (2022) “गर्दभ”, in Digital Dictionaries of South India
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 473
- ^ Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “1364”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 126.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 328