क्लेश

Hindi

Alternative forms

• कलेस (kales), किलेस (kiles) — dialectal

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit क्लेश (kleśa). Doublet of कलेस (kales).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /kleːʃ/

Noun

क्लेश • (kleś) m

1. affliction, suffering, anguish
2. strife, quarrelling

Declension

Declension of क्लेश (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	क्लेश kleś	क्लेश kleś
oblique	क्लेश kleś	क्लेशों kleśõ
vocative	क्लेश kleś	क्लेशो kleśo

Derived terms

• क्लेशित (kleśit, “distressed”)
• क्लेश करना (kleś karnā, “to afflict, distress”)
• क्लेश देना (kleś denā, “to afflict, distress”)
• क्लेशमय (kleśmay, “distressful”)

Related terms

• किलसना (kilasnā)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “क्लेश”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• ক্লেশ (Assamese script)
• ᬓ᭄ᬮᬾᬰ (Balinese script)
• ক্লেশ (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰿𑰩𑰸𑰫 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀰 (Brahmi script)
• က္လေၐ (Burmese script)
• ક્લેશ (Gujarati script)
• ਕ੍ਲੇਸ਼ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑍍𑌲𑍇𑌶 (Grantha script)
• ꦏ꧀ꦭꦺꦯ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂹𑂪𑂵𑂬 (Kaithi script)
• ಕ್ಲೇಶ (Kannada script)
• ក្លេឝ (Khmer script)
• ກ຺ເລຨ (Lao script)
• ക്ലേശ (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠯᡝᡧᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘿𑘩𑘹𑘫 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠯᠧᠱᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧠𑧉𑧚𑧋 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑑂𑐮𑐾𑐱 (Newa script)
• କ୍ଲେଶ (Odia script)
• ꢒ꣄ꢭꢾꢯ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑇀𑆬𑆼𑆯 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖿𑖩𑖸𑖫 (Siddham script)
• ක‍්ලෙශ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜 𑪙𑩽𑩔𑩿 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚶𑚥𑚲𑚧 (Takri script)
• க்லேஶ (Tamil script)
• క్లేశ (Telugu script)
• กฺเลศ (Thai script)
• ཀླེ་ཤ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑓂𑒪𑒹𑒬 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑩇𑨬𑨄𑨮 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root क्लिश् (kliś, “to torment, trouble, suffer”)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /klɐj.ɕɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkl̪eː.ɕɐ/

Noun

क्लेश • (kleśa) stem, m

1. pain, affliction, distress, pain from disease, anguish
2. (Hinduism, Buddhism) in yoga, the five kleśas are named avidyā 'ignorance', asmitā 'egotism', rāga 'desire', dveśa 'aversion' and abhiniveśa 'tenacity of mundane existence'

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of क्लेश (kleśa)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	क्लेशः kleśaḥ	क्लेशौ / क्लेशा¹ kleśau / kleśā¹	क्लेशाः / क्लेशासः¹ kleśāḥ / kleśāsaḥ¹
Vocative	क्लेश kleśa	क्लेशौ / क्लेशा¹ kleśau / kleśā¹	क्लेशाः / क्लेशासः¹ kleśāḥ / kleśāsaḥ¹
Accusative	क्लेशम् kleśam	क्लेशौ / क्लेशा¹ kleśau / kleśā¹	क्लेशान् kleśān
Instrumental	क्लेशेन kleśena	क्लेशाभ्याम् kleśābhyām	क्लेशैः / क्लेशेभिः¹ kleśaiḥ / kleśebhiḥ¹
Dative	क्लेशाय kleśāya	क्लेशाभ्याम् kleśābhyām	क्लेशेभ्यः kleśebhyaḥ
Ablative	क्लेशात् kleśāt	क्लेशाभ्याम् kleśābhyām	क्लेशेभ्यः kleśebhyaḥ
Genitive	क्लेशस्य kleśasya	क्लेशयोः kleśayoḥ	क्लेशानाम् kleśānām
Locative	क्लेशे kleśe	क्लेशयोः kleśayoḥ	क्लेशेषु kleśeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀓𑀺𑀮𑁂𑀲 (kilesa)
• → Classical Newar: कलेश, क्लेश
• → Chinese: 煩惱 / 烦恼 (fánnǎo) (calque)
• → English: klesha
• → Malay: gelisah
• Pali: kilesa
  • → Burmese: ကိလေသာ (ki.lesa)
  • → Lao: ກິເລດ (ki lēt)
  • → Old Khmer: [script needed] (kilesa), [script needed] (kilessa)
    • Khmer: កិលេស (keleeh)
  • → Shan: ၵီႉလေႇသႃႇ (kḭ̂i lèe sàa)
  • → Thai: กิเลส (gì-lèet)
• → Telugu: క్లేశము (klēśamu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “क्लेश”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0324.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “क्लेश”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “क्लेश”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016