केतक

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

কেতক (Assamese script)
ᬓᬾᬢᬓ (Balinese script)
কেতক (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰸𑰝𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑁂𑀢𑀓 (Brahmi script)
ကေတက (Burmese script)
કેતક (Gujarati script)
ਕੇਤਕ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑍇𑌤𑌕 (Grantha script)
ꦏꦺꦠꦏ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂵𑂞𑂍 (Kaithi script)
ಕೇತಕ (Kannada script)
កេតក (Khmer script)
ເກຕກ (Lao script)
കേതക (Malayalam script)
ᡬᡝᢠᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘹𑘝𑘎 (Modi script)
ᢉᠧᢐᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧚𑦽𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑐾𑐟𑐎 (Newa script)
କେତକ (Odia script)
ꢒꢾꢡꢒ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑆼𑆠𑆑 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖸𑖝𑖎 (Siddham script)
කෙතක (Sinhalese script)
𑩜𑩔𑩫𑩜 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚲𑚙𑚊 (Takri script)
கேதக (Tamil script)
కేతక (Telugu script)
เกตก (Thai script)
ཀེ་ཏ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑒹𑒞𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑨄𑨙𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɐj.tɐ.kɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkeː.t̪ɐ.kɐ/

Noun

केतक • (ketaka) stem, m

screw pine (Pandanus fascicularis or odoratissimus) (MBh., R., Megh. etc.)
- 8th c., Bhavabhuti, Uttararāmacarita (Rama's Last Act), Prelude to act III:
  किसलयमिव मुग्धं बन्धनाद्विप्रलूनम् । हृदय कुसुम शोषी दारुणो दीर्घ शोकः
  ग्लपयति परिपाण्डु क्षाममस्याः शरीरं । शरदि ज इव धर्मः केतकी गर्भ पत्रं ॥
  kisalayam iva mugdhaṃ bandhanād vipralūnam / ḥrdaya kusuma śoṣī dāruṇo dīrgha śokaḥ
  glapayati paripāṇḍu kṣāmam asyāḥ śarīraṃ / śaradi ja iva dharmaḥ ketakī garbha patram.
  Like a tender bud sheared off from its stem / her pallid and haggard body has been withered
  by long hard grief parching her heart’s flower / like autumn heat a leaf in a ketaki bud.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of केतक
Nom. sg.	केतकः (ketakaḥ)
Gen. sg.	केतकस्य (ketakasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	केतकः (ketakaḥ)	केतकौ (ketakau)	केतकाः (ketakāḥ)
Vocative	केतक (ketaka)	केतकौ (ketakau)	केतकाः (ketakāḥ)
Accusative	केतकम् (ketakam)	केतकौ (ketakau)	केतकान् (ketakān)
Instrumental	केतकेन (ketakena)	केतकाभ्याम् (ketakābhyām)	केतकैः (ketakaiḥ)
Dative	केतकाय (ketakāya)	केतकाभ्याम् (ketakābhyām)	केतकेभ्यः (ketakebhyaḥ)
Ablative	केतकात् (ketakāt)	केतकाभ्याम् (ketakābhyām)	केतकेभ्यः (ketakebhyaḥ)
Genitive	केतकस्य (ketakasya)	केतकयोः (ketakayoḥ)	केतकानाम् (ketakānām)
Locative	केतके (ketake)	केतकयोः (ketakayoḥ)	केतकेषु (ketakeṣu)

Descendants

Pali: ketaka, ketakī f
Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀅𑀕 (keaga), 𑀓𑁂𑀅𑀬 (keaya), 𑀓𑁂𑀅𑀕𑀻 f (keagī)
- Helu Prakrit:
  - Dhivehi: ކަށިކެޔޮ (kaṣikeyo)
  - Sinhalese: කේ (kē)
- Magadhi Prakrit:
  - Bengali: কেয়া (keẏa)
  - Odia: କିଆ (kiā)
- →? Middle Persian: [script needed] (gytyk /⁠gēdīg⁠/)
  - Persian: گیدی (gidi), کیدی (kidi), کادی (kâdi), کدر (perhaps misspelling)
    - → Arabic: كَاذِيّ (kāḏiyy)
    - → Ottoman Turkish: كاذی (kazi)
⇒ Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀅𑀬𑁆𑀟 (keayḍa) (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-))
- Magadhi Prakrit:
  - Bengali: কেওড়া (keōṛa)
- Maharastri Prakrit:
  - Marathi: केवडा (kevḍā)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
  - Vracada Apabhramsa:
    - Sindhi:
      Arabic script: ڪيلو (also < कदल (kadala)), ڪيوِڙو (“banana, plantain”)
      
      Devanagari script: केलो (also < कदल (kadala)), केविड़ो (“banana, plantain”)
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
  - Gurjara Apabhramsa:
    - Gujarati: કેવડો (kevḍo)
  - Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    - Hindustani: kevṛā
      Hindi: केवड़ा
      
      Urdu: کیوڑا (kyoṛā), کیوڑہ (kyoṛh)
      - → English: kewra
→ Bengali: কেতকী (ketoki)
→ Gujarati: કેતક (ketak), કેતકી f (ketkī)
→ Kannada: ಕೇದಗೆ (kēdage)
→ Hindustani: ketkī f
Hindi: केतकी

Urdu: کیتْکِی (ketkī)
→ Malayalam: കേതകി (kētaki)
→ Marathi: केतकी (ketkī) f
→ Odia: କେତକୀ (ketaki)
→ Sindhi:
Arabic script: ڪيتڪي
→ Tamil: கேதகை (kētakai); கைதை (kaitai)
→ Telugu: కేతకి (kētaki)
→ Tulu: ಕೇತಗೆ (kētage), ಕೇದಗೆ (kēdage), ಕೇದಯಿ (kēdayi), ಕೇದಿಗೆ (kēdige)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “केतक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0309.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kētaka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press