कासते

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কাসতে (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬵᬲᬢᬾ (Balinese script)
• কাসতে (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰯𑰭𑰝𑰸 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀢𑁂 (Brahmi script)
• ကာသတေ (Burmese script)
• કાસતે (Gujarati script)
• ਕਾਸਤੇ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑌾𑌸𑌤𑍇 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦴꦱꦠꦺ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂰𑂮𑂞𑂵 (Kaithi script)
• ಕಾಸತೇ (Kannada script)
• កាសតេ (Khmer script)
• ກາສເຕ (Lao script)
• കാസതേ (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠᢠᡝ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘰𑘭𑘝𑘹 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠠᢗᠰᠠᢐᠧ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧑𑧍𑦽𑧚 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐵𑐳𑐟𑐾 (Newa script)
• କାସତେ (Odia script)
• ꢒꢵꢱꢡꢾ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆳𑆱𑆠𑆼 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖯𑖭𑖝𑖸 (Siddham script)
• කාසතෙ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩛𑪁𑩫𑩔 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚭𑚨𑚙𑚲 (Takri script)
• காஸதே (Tamil script)
• కాసతే (Telugu script)
• กาสเต (Thai script)
• ཀཱ་ས་ཏེ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒰𑒮𑒞𑒹 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨊𑨰𑨙𑨄 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHsatay, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (“to cough”). Cognate with Latvian kāss, Russian ка́шель (kášelʹ), Irish casacht, Old English hwōsan.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kɑ́ː.sɐ.tɐj/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑː.s̪ɐ.t̪eː/

Verb

कासते • (kā́sate) third-singular indicative (class 1, type A, root कास्)

1. to cough

Conjugation

Present: कासते (kā́sate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	कासते kā́sate	कासेते kā́sete	कासन्ते kā́sante
Second	- -	- -	- -	काससे kā́sase	कासेथे kā́sethe	कासध्वे kā́sadhve
First	- -	- -	- -	कासे kā́se	कासावहे kā́sāvahe	कासामहे kā́sāmahe
Imperative
Third	- -	- -	- -	कासताम् kā́satām	कासेताम् kā́setām	कासन्ताम् kā́santām
Second	- -	- -	- -	कासस्व kā́sasva	कासेथाम् kā́sethām	कासध्वम् kā́sadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	कासै kā́sai	कासावहै kā́sāvahai	कासामहै kā́sāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	- -	- -	- -	कासेत kā́seta	कासेयाताम् kā́seyātām	कासेरन् kā́seran
Second	- -	- -	- -	कासेथाः kā́sethāḥ	कासेयाथाम् kā́seyāthām	कासेध्वम् kā́sedhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	कासेय kā́seya	कासेवहि kā́sevahi	कासेमहि kā́semahi
Subjunctive
Third	- -	- -	- -	कासाते / कासातै kā́sāte / kā́sātai	कासैते kā́saite	कासन्त / कासान्तै kā́santa / kā́sāntai
Second	- -	- -	- -	कासासे / कासासै kā́sāse / kā́sāsai	कासैथे kā́saithe	कासाध्वै kā́sādhvai
First	- -	- -	- -	कासै kā́sai	कासावहै kā́sāvahai	कासामहै kā́sāmahai
Participles
	- -			कासमान kā́samāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.

Imperfect: अकासत (ákāsata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	अकासत ákāsata	अकासेताम् ákāsetām	अकासन्त ákāsanta
Second	- -	- -	- -	अकासथाः ákāsathāḥ	अकासेथाम् ákāsethām	अकासध्वम् ákāsadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	अकासे ákāse	अकासावहि ákāsāvahi	अकासामहि ákāsāmahi

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Phalura:

    Perso-Arabic: کُھوسی

    Latin: khuusíi

• Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀲𑀇 (kāsaï)
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Assamese: কাহা (kaha)
      • Bengali: কাশা (kaśa)
      • Odia: କାଶିବା (kāśibā)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ކެއްސަނީ (kessanī)
      • Sinhalese: කහිනවා (kahinawā)
    • ⇒ Maharastri Prakrit: *𑀓𑀸𑀲-𑀮-𑀇 (*kāsa-la-i)
      • Old Marathi: kāsaḷaṇē (with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀮- (-la-))

        Devanagari script: कासळणे

        Modi script: 𑘎𑘰𑘭𑘯𑘜𑘹

• Prakrit: 𑀔𑀸𑀲𑀇 (khāsaï) (with onomatopoeic 𑀔 (kha))
  • Central:
    • Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
      • Hindustani: khā̃snā
        • Hindi: खाँसना
        • Urdu: کھان٘سْنا (khā̃snā)
  • Western:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit:
      • Gurjara Apabhramsa:
        • Gujarati: ખાંસવું (khā̃svũ)
        • Marwari: खांसणौ (khānsṇau)

References

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kāˊsatē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 160