उकार

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• ukāra (Latin script)
• 𑀉𑀓𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• উকার (Bengali script)
• උකාර (Sinhalese script)
• ဥကာရ or ဢုၵႃရ (Burmese script)
• อุการ or อุการะ (Thai script)
• ᩏᨠᩣᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ອຸກາຣ or ອຸກາຣະ (Lao script)
• ឧការ (Khmer script)
• 𑄃𑄪𑄇𑄂𑄢 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Possibly from Sanskrit उकार (ukāra). By surface analysis, translingual උ (the letter) +‎ kāra (term designating a letter or sound) etc.

Noun

उकार m

1. Devanagari script form of ukāra (“the letter 'u'”)
   • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎^[1] (overall work in Pali), page 11; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

     ओकारुकारानं अन्‍तभूतानं सरे परे क्वचि वकारादेसो होति।

     Okārukārānaṃ antabhūtānaṃ sare pare kvaci vakārādeso hoti.

     Final 'o' and 'u' are sometimes changed to 'v' before another vowel.

   • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎^[2] (overall work in Pali), page 291; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

     वचवसवहादीनं उकारो वस्स ये ॥६॥
     वच, वस, वह इच्चेवमादीनं धातूनं वकारस्स उकारो होति य पच्चये परे । उच्चते, वुच्चति; वुस्सति; वुय्हति ॥

     6. Vacavasavahādīnaṃ ukāro vassa ye
     Vaca, vasa, vaha iccevamādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ vakārassa ukāro hoti ya paccaye pare.Uccate, vuccate; vussati; vuyhati.

     Vac, vas, vah etc. which have 'u' for 'va'
     Roots vac, vas, vah and so on etc. have 'u' from 'va' next to the ending 'ya'.
     Exx: uccate, vuccate; vussati; vuyhati.

Declension

Declension table of "उकार" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	उकारो (ukāro)	उकारा (ukārā)
Accusative (second)	उकारं (ukāraṃ)	उकारे (ukāre)
Instrumental (third)	उकारेन (ukārena)	उकारेहि (ukārehi) or उकारेभि (ukārebhi)
Dative (fourth)	उकारस्स (ukārassa) or उकाराय (ukārāya) or उकारत्थं (ukāratthaṃ)	उकारानं (ukārānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	उकारस्मा (ukārasmā) or उकारम्हा (ukāramhā) or उकारा (ukārā)	उकारेहि (ukārehi) or उकारेभि (ukārebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	उकारस्स (ukārassa)	उकारानं (ukārānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	उकारस्मिं (ukārasmiṃ) or उकारम्हि (ukāramhi) or उकारे (ukāre)	उकारेसु (ukāresu)
Vocative (calling)	उकार (ukāra)	उकारा (ukārā)