ܥܠܡܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

From Aramaic עָלְמָא (ʿāləmā), itself possibly from Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/⁠ellamu, illamu⁠/, “front, before; both temporally and in location; coming before your time or being currently physically before you now”); compare Hebrew עוֹלָם ('olám), Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam) and Amharic ዓለም (ʿaläm).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʕɑːlmɑː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːlmɑː]

Noun

ܥܵܠܡܵܐ • (ˁālmā) m sg (plural ܥܵܠܡܹ̈ܐ (ˁālmē))

1. world
2. nation, people

   Synonym: ܥܲܡܵܐ (ˁammā)

Inflection

Inflection of ܥܵܠܡܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܥܵܠܡܝܼ (ˁālmī)		ܥܵܠܡܲܢ (ˁālman)
	construct	ܥܵܠܲܡ (ˁālam)		2nd person	ܥܵܠܡܘܼܟ݂ (ˁālmūḵ)	ܥܵܠܡܵܟ݂ܝ (ˁālmāḵ)	ܥܵܠܡܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ˁālmāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܥܵܠܡܵܐ (ˁālmā)		3rd person	ܥܵܠܡܹܗ (ˁālmēh)	ܥܵܠܡܵܗ̇ (ˁālmāh)	ܥܵܠܡܗܘܿܢ (ˁālmhōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܥܵܠܡܝܼ̈ (ˁālmī)		ܥܵܠܡܲܢ̈ (ˁālman)
	construct	ܥܵܠܡܲܝ̈ (ˁālmay)		2nd person	ܥܵܠܡܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ˁālmūḵ)	ܥܵܠܡܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ˁālmāḵ)	ܥܵܠܡܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ˁālmāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܥܵܠܡܹ̈ܐ (ˁālmē)		3rd person	ܥܵܠܡܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ˁālmūh)	ܥܵܠܡ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (ˁālmōh)	ܥܵܠܡܗ̈ܘܿܢ (ˁālmhōn)

Derived terms

• ܥܵܠܲܡ (ˁālam, “eternity, forever”)
• ܥܵܠܡܵܝܵܐ (ˁālmāyā)
• ܥܵܠܡܵܢܵܝܵܐ (ˁālmānāyā)

Classical Syriac

Etymology

Compare Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam) and Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿôlām).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʕɑlmɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ʕɑlme(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܥܠܡܐ • (ˁālmā) m (plural ܥܠܡܐ)

1. eternity, forever
2. age, generation, lifetime, era
3. world
4. nation, people

Inflection

Inflection of ܥܠܡܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܥܠܡ		1st person	ܥܠܡܝ		ܥܠܡܢ
	construct	ܥܠܡ		2nd person	ܥܠܡܟ	ܥܠܡܟܝ	ܥܠܡܟܘܢ	ܥܠܡܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܥܠܡܐ		3rd person	ܥܠܡܗ	ܥܠܡܗ	ܥܠܡܗܘܢ	ܥܠܡܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܥܠܡܝܢ		1st person	ܥܠܡܝ		ܥܠܡܝܢ
	construct	ܥܠܡܝ		2nd person	ܥܠܡܝܟ	ܥܠܡܝܟܝ	ܥܠܡܝܟܘܢ	ܥܠܡܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܥܠܡܐ		3rd person	ܥܠܡܘܗܝ	ܥܠܡܝܗ	ܥܠܡܝܗܘܢ	ܥܠܡܝܗܝܢ

References

• “ˁlm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 254b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 415a-b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 1105a