ܚܠܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

From Aramaic חָלָא (ḥālā); related to Arabic خَال (ḵāl).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xaːlaː]

Noun

ܚܵܠܵܐ • (ḥālā) m (plural ܚܵܠܹ̈ܐ (ḥālē) or ܚܵܠܲܘ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥālawwāṯā), feminine ܚܵܠܬܵܐ (ḥāltā))

1. maternal blood uncle (brother of one's mother)

   Coordinate terms: ܥܲܡܵܐ (ˁammā), ܥܲܡܬܵܐ (ˁamtā), ܚܵܠܬܵܐ (ḥāltā)

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܵܠܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܵܠܝܼ (ḥālī)		ܚܵܠܲܢ (ḥālan)
	construct	ܚܵܠ (ḥāl)		2nd person	ܚܵܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥālūḵ)	ܚܵܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥālāḵ)	ܚܵܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥālāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܵܠܵܐ (ḥālā)		3rd person	ܚܵܠܹܗ (ḥālēh)	ܚܵܠܵܗ̇ (ḥālāh)	ܚܵܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥālhōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܵܠܝܼ̈ (ḥālī)		ܚܵܠܲܢ̈ (ḥālan)
	construct	ܚܵܠܲܝ̈ (ḥālay)		2nd person	ܚܵܠܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥālūḵ)	ܚܵܠܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥālāḵ)	ܚܵܠܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥālāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܵܠܹ̈ܐ (ḥālē)		3rd person	ܚܵܠܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥālūh)	ܚܵܠ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (ḥālōh)	ܚܵܠܗ̈ܘܿܢ (ḥālhōn)

Derived terms

• ܒܲܟ݂ܬ ܚܵܠܵܐ (baḵt ḥālā, “aunt (mother's brother's wife)”)
• ܒܲܪ ܚܵܠܵܐ (bar ḥālā, “cousin (mother's brother's son)”)
• ܒܲܪ݇ܬ ܚܵܠܵܐ (bat ḥālā, “cousin (mother's brother's daughter)”)

Etymology 2

From Akkadian 𒂁𒄬 (/⁠ḫallu⁠/, “pot; earthen container to store liquids”); cognate with Arabic خَلّ (ḵall).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ħallaː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ xaːla]

Noun

ܚܲܠܵܐ • (ḥallā) m (uncountable)

1. vinegar

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܲܠܵܐ

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
{{{number}}}	absolute	{{{abs.}}}	1st person	ܚܲܠܝܼ (ḥalī)		ܚܲܠܲܢ (ḥallan)
	construct	{{{cstr.}}}	2nd person	ܚܲܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥalūḵ)	ܚܲܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥallāḵ)	ܚܲܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥallāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܲܠܵܐ (ḥallā)	3rd person	ܚܲܠܹܗ (ḥallēh)	ܚܲܠܘܿܗ̇ (ḥallōh)	ܚܲܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥalhōn)

Etymology 3

Compare Hebrew חוֹל (ḥol) and Arabic حُلَّة (ḥulla).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xil.lɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ħil.lɑː]

Noun

ܚܸܠܵܐ • (ḥillā) m (plural ܚܸܠܹ̈ܐ (ḥillē))

1. powder
2. (pathology) cataract

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܸܠܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܸܠܝܼ (ḥilī)		ܚܸܠܲܢ (ḥillan)
	construct	ܚܸܠ (ḥil)		2nd person	ܚܸܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥilūḵ)	ܚܸܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥillāḵ)	ܚܸܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥillāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܸܠܵܐ (ḥillā)		3rd person	ܚܸܠܹܗ (ḥillēh)	ܚܸܠܵܗ̇ (ḥillāh)	ܚܸܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥilhōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܸܠܝܼ̈ (ḥilī)		ܚܸܠܲܢ̈ (ḥillan)
	construct	ܚܸܠܲܝ̈ (ḥillay)		2nd person	ܚܸܠܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥilūḵ)	ܚܸܠܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥillāḵ)	ܚܸܠܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥillāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܸܠܹ̈ܐ (ḥillē)		3rd person	ܚܸܠܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥilūh)	ܚܸܠ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (ḥillōh)	ܚܸܠܗ̈ܘܿܢ (ḥilhōn)

Etymology 4

Root
ܚ ܠ ܐ (ḥ l ˀ)
6 terms

Compare Arabic حَلَّ (ḥalla).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xaːleː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ħaːleː]

Verb

ܚܵܠܹܐ • (ḥālē)

1. (intransitive) to sweeten
2. to make pleasant

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܚܵܠܹܐ

present participle	ܚܠܵܝܵܐ (ḥlāyā)
verbal noun	ܚܠܵܝܵܐ (ḥlāyā)
		singular				plural
past participle	m	ܚܸܠܝܵܐ (ḥilyā)				ܚܸܠܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥilyē)
	f	ܚܠܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥlīṯā)
agent noun	m	ܚܵܠܘܿܝܵܐ (ḥālōyā)				ܚܵܠܘܿܝܹ̈ܐ (ḥālōyē)
	f	ܚܵܠܘܿܝܬܵܐ (ḥālōytā)				ܚܵܠܘܿܝ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥālōyāṯā)
instance noun		ܚܠܵܝܬܵܐ (ḥlāytā)				ܚ̈ܠܵܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥlāyāṯā)
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܝܼ (ḥlē lī)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (ḥlē lūḵ)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܹܗ (ḥlē lēh)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܲܢ (ḥlē lan)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥlē lāwḵōn)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ (ḥlē lhōn)
	f		ܚܠܹܐ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥlē lāḵ)	ܚܠܹܐ ܠܵܗ̇ (ḥlē lāh)
non-past	m	ܚܵܠܹܝܢ (ḥālēn)	ܚܵܠܹܝܬ (ḥālēt)	ܚܵܠܹܐ (ḥālē)	ܚܵܠܹܝܚ (ḥālēḥ)	ܚܵܠܹܝܬܘܿܢ (ḥālētōn)	ܚܵܠܝܼ (ḥālī)
	f	ܚܵܠܝܵܢ (ḥālyān)	ܚܵܠܝܵܬܝ (ḥālyāt)	ܚܵܠܝܵܐ (ḥālyā)
imperative	m		ܚܠܝܼ (ḥlī)			ܚܠܲܘ (ḥlaw)
	f		ܚܠܲܝ (ḥlay)
passive past	m	ܚܠܹܝܢ (ḥlēn)	ܚܠܹܝܬ (ḥlēt)	ܚܠܹܐ (ḥlē)	ܚܠܹܝܚ (ḥlēḥ)	ܚܠܹܝܬܘܿܢ (ḥlētōn)	ܚܠܲܝ (ḥlay)
	f	ܚܸܠܝܲܢ (ḥilyan)	ܚܸܠܝܲܬܝ (ḥilyat)	ܚܸܠܝܵܐ (ḥilyā)

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Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From Aramaic, from Akkadian 𒂁𒄬 (/⁠ḫallu⁠/), from Sumerian 𒂁𒄬 (/⁠ḫal⁠/, “pot; earthen container to store liquids”); cognate with Arabic خَلّ (ḵall).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħallɑ(ʔ)]

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (ḥallā) m(uncountable)

1. vinegar

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܠܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܠ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܢ
	construct	ܚܠ		2nd person	ܚܠܟ	ܚܠܟܝ	ܚܠܟܘܢ	ܚܠܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗܘܢ	ܚܠܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

Compare Hebrew חוֹל (ḥôl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɑlɑ(ʔ)]

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (ḥālā) m(uncountable)

1. sand, gravel

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܠܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܠ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܢ
	construct	ܚܠ		2nd person	ܚܠܟ	ܚܠܟܝ	ܚܠܟܘܢ	ܚܠܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗܘܢ	ܚܠܗܝܢ

Etymology 3

Compare Arabic خَال (ḵāl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɑlɑ(ʔ)] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħɑle(ʔ)] (in the plural)

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (ḥālā) m (plural ܚܠܐ, singular feminine counterpart ܚܠܬܐ)

1. maternal uncle

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܠܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܠ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܢ
	construct	ܚܠ		2nd person	ܚܠܟ	ܚܠܟܝ	ܚܠܟܘܢ	ܚܠܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗܘܢ	ܚܠܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܠܝܢ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܝܢ
	construct	ܚܠܝ		2nd person	ܚܠܝܟ	ܚܠܝܟܝ	ܚܠܝܟܘܢ	ܚܠܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܘܗܝ	ܚܠܝܗ	ܚܠܝܗܘܢ	ܚܠܝܗܝܢ

See also

• ܕܕܐ

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɛllɑ(ʔ)] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħɛlle(ʔ)] (in the plural)

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܠܐ)

1. dust, powder

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܠܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܠ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܢ
	construct	ܚܠ		2nd person	ܚܠܟ	ܚܠܟܝ	ܚܠܟܘܢ	ܚܠܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗܘܢ	ܚܠܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܠܝܢ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܝܢ
	construct	ܚܠܝ		2nd person	ܚܠܝܟ	ܚܠܝܟܝ	ܚܠܝܟܘܢ	ܚܠܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܘܗܝ	ܚܠܝܗ	ܚܠܝܗܘܢ	ܚܠܝܗܝܢ

Synonyms

• ܐܒܩܐ

Etymology 5

Compare Arabic حُلَّة (ḥulla).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɛllɑ(ʔ)] (in the singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħɛlle(ʔ)] (in the plural)

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܠܐ)

1. cloth, covering, veil
2. (pathology) cataract

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܠܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܠ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܢ
	construct	ܚܠ		2nd person	ܚܠܟ	ܚܠܟܝ	ܚܠܟܘܢ	ܚܠܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗ	ܚܠܗܘܢ	ܚܠܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܠܝܢ		1st person	ܚܠܝ		ܚܠܝܢ
	construct	ܚܠܝ		2nd person	ܚܠܝܟ	ܚܠܝܟܝ	ܚܠܝܟܘܢ	ܚܠܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܠܐ		3rd person	ܚܠܘܗܝ	ܚܠܝܗ	ܚܠܝܗܘܢ	ܚܠܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħɛlle(ʔ)]

Noun

ܚܠܐ • (transliteration needed)

1. emphatic plural of ܚܠܬܐ

References

• “ḥl”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pp. 99b, 104b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 142a-b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 451a-b

Turoyo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

ܚܳܠܐ • (ḥolo) m

1. maternal uncle