ܚܘܠܦܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܚ ܠ ܦ (ḥ l p)
7 terms

Compare Hebrew חִלּוּף (khilúf) with the sense of “apposition” a calque of Arabic بَدَل (badal).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xul.lɑːpɑː]

Noun

ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܐ • (ḥullāpā) m sg (plural ܚܘܼܠܵܦܹ̈ܐ (ḥūlāpē))

1. exchange, replacement
2. compensation
3. (grammar) interchangeability (e.g. of letters)
4. (grammar) apposition

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person			ܚܘܼܠܵܦܲܢ (ḥūlāpan)
	construct	ܚܘܼܠܵܦ (ḥūlāp)		2nd person	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܘܼܟ݂ (ḥūlāpūḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥūlāpāḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥūlāpāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܐ (ḥullāpā)		3rd person	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܹܗ (ḥūlāpēh)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܗ̇ (ḥūlāpāh)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܗܘܿܢ (ḥūlāphōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܝܼ̈ (ḥūlāpī)		ܚܘܼܠܵܦܲܢ̈ (ḥūlāpan)
	construct	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܲܝ̈ (ḥūlāpay)		2nd person	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥūlāpūḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥūlāpāḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥūlāpāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܹ̈ܐ (ḥūlāpē)		3rd person	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥūlāpūh)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (ḥūlāpōh)	ܚܘܼܠܵܦܗ̈ܘܿܢ (ḥūlāphōn)

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Classical Syriac.

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [xul.pɑː]

Noun

ܚܘܼܠܦܵܐ • (ḥulpā) m sg (plural ܚܘܼܠܦܹ̈ܐ (ḥulpē))

1. (botany) kind of shrub; reed, willow

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܘܼܠܦܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person			ܚܘܼܠܦܲܢ (ḥulpan)
	construct	ܚܘܼܠܲܦ (ḥūlap)		2nd person	ܚܘܼܠܦܘܼܟ݂ (ḥulpūḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܦܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥulpāḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܦܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥulpāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܘܼܠܦܵܐ (ḥulpā)		3rd person	ܚܘܼܠܦܹܗ (ḥulpēh)	ܚܘܼܠܦܵܗ̇ (ḥulpāh)	ܚܘܼܠܦܗܘܿܢ (ḥulphōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܚܘܼܠܦܝܼ̈ (ḥulpī)		ܚܘܼܠܦܲܢ̈ (ḥulpan)
	construct	ܚܘܼܠܦܲܝ̈ (ḥulpay)		2nd person	ܚܘܼܠܦܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥulpūḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܦܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥulpāḵ)	ܚܘܼܠܦܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥulpāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܘܼܠܦܹ̈ܐ (ḥulpē)		3rd person	ܚܘܼܠܦܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥulpūh)	ܚܘܼܠܦ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (ḥulpōh)	ܚܘܼܠܦܗ̈ܘܿܢ (ḥulphōn)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħulpɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħulpe(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܚܘܠܦܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܘܠܦܐ)

1. (botany) kind of shrub: reed, willow

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܘܠܦܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܠܘܦ		1st person	ܚܘܠܦܝ		ܚܘܠܦܢ
	construct	ܚܠܘܦ		2nd person	ܚܘܠܦܟ	ܚܘܠܦܟܝ	ܚܘܠܦܟܘܢ	ܚܘܠܦܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܘܠܦܐ		3rd person	ܚܘܠܦܗ	ܚܘܠܦܗ	ܚܘܠܦܗܘܢ	ܚܘܠܦܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܘܠܦܝܢ		1st person	ܚܘܠܦܝ		ܚܘܠܦܝܢ
	construct	ܚܘܠܦܝ		2nd person	ܚܘܠܦܝܟ	ܚܘܠܦܝܟܝ	ܚܘܠܦܝܟܘܢ	ܚܘܠܦܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܘܠܦܐ		3rd person	ܚܘܠܦܘܗܝ	ܚܘܠܦܝܗ	ܚܘܠܦܝܗܘܢ	ܚܘܠܦܝܗܝܢ

Etymology 2

From the root ܚ-ܠ-ܦ related to changing; compare Hebrew חילוף / חִלּוּף (ḥillūp̄). The sense of "apposition" is a calque of Arabic بَدَل (badal).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ħullɑfɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ħullɑfe(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܚܘܠܦܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܚܘܠܦܐ)

1. difference, change
2. exchange, replacement
3. recompense
4. succession, following
5. price
6. (grammar) interchangeability (e.g. of letters)
7. (grammar) apposition

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܘܠܦܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܚܘܠܦ		1st person	ܚܘܠܦܝ		ܚܘܠܦܢ
	construct	ܚܘܠܦ		2nd person	ܚܘܠܦܟ	ܚܘܠܦܟܝ	ܚܘܠܦܟܘܢ	ܚܘܠܦܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܘܠܦܐ		3rd person	ܚܘܠܦܗ	ܚܘܠܦܗ	ܚܘܠܦܗܘܢ	ܚܘܠܦܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܚܘܠܦܝܢ		1st person	ܚܘܠܦܝ		ܚܘܠܦܝܢ
	construct	ܚܘܠܦܝ		2nd person	ܚܘܠܦܝܟ	ܚܘܠܦܝܟܝ	ܚܘܠܦܝܟܘܢ	ܚܘܠܦܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܚܘܠܦܐ		3rd person	ܚܘܠܦܘܗܝ	ܚܘܠܦܝܗ	ܚܘܠܦܝܗܘܢ	ܚܘܠܦܝܗܝܢ

References

• “ḥwlp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 106b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 132a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pp. 426b-427a