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کفتار

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See also: گفتار

Persian

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کفتار

Etymology

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Related to Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hptʾl /⁠haftār⁠/, hyena), Bandar Abbasi Persian dialect افتارگ (aftârg), Sogdian [script needed] (ʾβtʾr /⁠aftār⁠/), Old Georgian აფთარი (aptari). See additional comparanda in Bläsing. Unattested in Old Iranian. The ultimate origin is unknown.

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? kaftār
Dari reading? kaftār
Iranian reading? kaftâr
Tajik reading? kaftor

Noun

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کفتار (kaftâr) (plural کفتارها (kaftâr-hâ) or کفتاران (kaftârân))

  1. hyena
    • c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 69”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]‎[1]:
      ز بیم تیغ او شیران جنگی
      بسوراخ اندرون رفته چو کفتار
      کسی کز پیش او گیرد هزیمت
      نترسد گر شود در سله با مار
      zi bīm⁠-i tēğ-i tu šēr⁠ān-i jangī
      ba sūrāx andarūn rafta čū kaftār
      kasē k-az pēš-i ō gīrad ⁠hazīmat
      na-tarsad gar šawad dar silla bā mār
      Fearing your blade, the warlike lions
      Have hidden in holes like the hyena.
      Whoever flees before you
      Is not afraid to go [hide from you] in a basket with a snake.
      (Classical Persian transliteration)

Descendants

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  • Armenian: քավթառ (kʻavtʻaṙ)
  • Azerbaijani: kaftar
  • Hindi: कफ़्तार (kaftār​, rekhta)
  • Northern Kurdish: keftar
  • Ottoman Turkish: كفتار (keftar)
  • Udi: кафтӏар (kafṭar)

References

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  • Bläsing, Uwe (2000) “Irano-Turcica: Weitere iranische Elemente im Türkeitürkischen”, in Folia Orientalia[2] (in German), volume 36, Kraków, § 5, page 39
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “haftār”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 39