کفتار
Appearance
See also: گفتار
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Related to Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (hptʾl /haftār/, “hyena”), Bandar Abbasi Persian dialect افتارگ (aftârg), Sogdian [script needed] (ʾβtʾr /aftār/), Old Georgian აფთარი (aptari). See additional comparanda in Bläsing. Unattested in Old Iranian. The ultimate origin is unknown.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [kaf.ˈtɑːɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [kʰʲæf.t̪ʰɒ́ːɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [kʰäf.t̪ʰɔ́ɾ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | kaftār |
Dari reading? | kaftār |
Iranian reading? | kaftâr |
Tajik reading? | kaftor |
Noun
[edit]کفتار • (kaftâr) (plural کفتارها (kaftâr-hâ) or کفتاران (kaftârân))
- hyena
- c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 69”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī][1]:
- ز بیم تیغ او شیران جنگی
بسوراخ اندرون رفته چو کفتار
کسی کز پیش او گیرد هزیمت
نترسد گر شود در سله با مار- zi bīm-i tēğ-i tu šērān-i jangī
ba sūrāx andarūn rafta čū kaftār
kasē k-az pēš-i ō gīrad hazīmat
na-tarsad gar šawad dar silla bā mār - Fearing your blade, the warlike lions
Have hidden in holes like the hyena.
Whoever flees before you
Is not afraid to go [hide from you] in a basket with a snake.
- zi bīm-i tēğ-i tu šērān-i jangī
Descendants
[edit]- → Armenian: քավթառ (kʻavtʻaṙ)
- → Azerbaijani: kaftar
- → Hindi: कफ़्तार (kaftār, rekhta)
- → Northern Kurdish: keftar
- → Ottoman Turkish: كفتار (keftar)
- → Udi: кафтӏар (kafṭar)
References
[edit]- Bläsing, Uwe (2000) “Irano-Turcica: Weitere iranische Elemente im Türkeitürkischen”, in Folia Orientalia[2] (in German), volume 36, Kraków, § 5, page 39
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “haftār”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 39