كوبره

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• گبره (göbre, gübre)

Etymology

There exist two possibilities:

• From Greek κοπριά (kopriá).
• From Proto-Turkic *kēbere (“to swell”), from Proto-Turkic *kēbe (“swollen”) - whence also Ottoman Turkish كبه (kebe), گبه (gebe), Karakhanid کُڤْرا (küwre). Cognate with Azerbaijani gəbərmək (“to die”), Azerbaijani gübrə, Chuvash каврай (kavraj, “to putrefy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɟøbˈɾɛ], [ɟybˈɾɛ]

Noun

گوبره • (göbre, gübre)

1. dung, manure, fertilizer

   Synonyms: فشقی (fışkı), تزك (tezek), ترس (ters)

Derived terms

• گوبره‌لو (göbrelü, gübrelü, “full of dung”)
• گوبره‌لمك (göbrelemek, gübrelemek, “to manure, to fertilize”)

Descendants

• Turkish: gübre
• → Armenian: կյուպրե (kyupre), կուպուրա (kupura)
• → Azerbaijani: gübrə
• → Bulgarian: гюбре́ (gjubré)
• → Northern Kurdish: gubre
• → Macedonian: ѓубре (ǵubre)
• → Serbo-Croatian:
  • Cyrillic script: ђу̏бре
  • Latin script: đȕbre

References

• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “كوبره”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[1], Vienna, column 4050
• Meyer, Gustav (1893) “Türkische Studien. I. Die griechischen und romanischen Bestandtheile im Wortschatze des Osmanisch-Türkischen”, in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (in German), volume 128, Wien: In Commission bei F. Tempsky, page 59
• Zenker, Julius Theodor (1876) “گبره”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 2 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 735
• Zenker, Julius Theodor (1876) “كوبره”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 2 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 765