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فرملة

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Arabic

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Etymology 1

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Unknown. It is a word only from the late 19th century (then also with a variant فَرْمِيلَة (farmīla)), originating and still spread in the dialects of Egypt, the Sudan and Chad. The east uses بْرَِيك (brēk), the lands west and Mandate Syria the French frein, so it is perhaps from its Ottoman Turkish derivative frenlemek (to brake), the verb coming first, but Italian fermare fits too.

Noun

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فَرْمَلَة (farmalaf (plural فَرَامِل (farāmil) or فَرْمَلَات (farmalāt))

  1. verbal noun of فَرْمَلَ (farmala) (form Iq)
  2. brake
    Synonyms: كَابِحَة (kābiḥa), مِكْبَح (mikbaḥ), ضَابِطَة (ḍābiṭa)
Declension
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References

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  • Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2012) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band II: Materielle Kultur (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100/II) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, page 445

Etymology 2

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Introduced in the 18th century after Turkish cuts, dissimilated from Ottoman Turkish فرمنه (fermene, a kind of ornamented jacket worn in front of the waist), from the term surfacing in Arabic as فَرْمَان (farmān, a written decree), understood as lending dignity carried in front for passthrough.

Noun

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فَرْمَلَة (farmalaf (plural فَرَامِل (farāmil))

  1. (Libya, Tunisia) a kind of traditional vest with gold braid ornaments resembling a صَدْرِيَّة (ṣadriyya), kirtle, gilet, plastron
Declension
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Bidiyo: parmalà
  • Hausa: farmàlàn
  • Kanuri: fármala
  • → Kotoko: fármàlà

References

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  • Růžička, Rudolf (1909) “Konsonantische Dissimilation in den semitischen Sprachen”, in Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft[1] (in German), volume VI, number 4, Leipzig · Baltimore: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung · The Johns Hopkins Press, pages 105–106
  • Lidwien Kapteijns and Jay Spaulding, editors (p. 1897, a. 1917), “Gifts worthy of kings: An episode in Dār Fūr-Taqalī relations”, in Sudanic Africa[2] (in Arabic), volume 1, published 1990, page 69, footnote 42
  • Stuhlmann, Franz (1912) Ein kulturgeschichtlicher Ausflug in den Aures (Atlas von Süd-Algerien): nebst Betrachtungen über die Berber-Völker (Abhandlungen des Hamburgischen Kolonialinstituts; X)‎[3] (in German), Hamburg: L. Friederichsen & Co., page 168b